PSTM: WEEK 6 Flashcards
The habitual manner in which learners receive and perceive information, process it,
understand it, value it, store it, and recall it.
The way a person processes, internalizes studies, interprets, and changes new and
challenging materials
What is Learning Style
emphasizes that individuals have different
preferences for how they learn. It acknowledges that understanding these preferences
can help in designing more effective teaching methods. This model identifies several types
of learners, each with distinct characteristics.
Memletic Learning Style Model
▶Characteristics:
✔Prefer using pictures, images, and spatial understanding to learn new concepts.
✔They enjoy graphs, charts, and visual representations of information.
✔These learners often think in pictures and may find it easier to remember things through
visualiz ation.
▶Area of the Brain Involved:
✔Occipital and parietal lobes.
▶Examples of Learning Methods:
✔Using diagrams, mind maps, flowcharts, and visual presentations.
✔PowerPoint slides, infographics, or drawing concepts are ideal for this type of learner.
Visual (Spatial) Learners
Characteristics:
✔Prefer sound, music, and auditory cues for learning.
✔They benefit from listening to lectures, discussions, or incorporating music into their
learning pro cess.
▶Area of the Brain Involved:
✔Temporal lobe, primarily the right hemisphere for musical processing.
▶Examples of Learning Methods:
✔Using podcasts, audio recordings, or discussions to absorb information.
✔Creating songs or rhymes to memorize facts can be an effective technique.
Aural (Auditory-Musical) Learners
Characteristics:
✔Prefer using words, both in speech and writing, to understand and process information.
✔These learners excel at reading, writing, and engaging in discussions.
▶Area of the Brain Involved:
✔Temporal and frontal lobes.
▶Examples of Learning Methods:
✔Writing essays, engaging in debates, or reading aloud to reinforce learning.
✔Taking notes during lectures or reciting information back can be helpful.
Verbal (Linguistic) Learners
Characteristics:
✔Prefer using their body, hands, and sense of touch to learn.
✔They enjoy hands-on activities, physical movement, and interacting with the material in
a tangible way.
▶Area of the Brain Involved:
✔Cerebellum and motor cortex.
▶Examples of Learning Methods:
✔Participating in lab experiments, building models, or using physical objects to explore
concepts.
✔Role-playing or simulations can enhance learning for kinesthetic learners.
Physical (Kinesthetic) Learners
Characteristics:
✔Prefer using logic, reasoning, and systems to learn.
✔They enjoy problem-solving, analyzing patterns, and working with structured
information.
▶Area of the Brain Involved:
✔Left parietal lobes.
▶Examples of Learning Methods:
✔Solving puzzles, working with data or statistics, and employing step-by-step problem-
solving app roaches.
✔Teaching them using logical frameworks or organized sequences of information is most
effective .
Logical (Mathematical) Learners
Characteristics:
✔Prefer to learn in groups or with other people.
✔They are good at understanding others’ emotions, collaborating with peers, and
exchanging ideas in social settings.
▶Area of the Brain Involved:
✔Frontal and temporal lobes, and the limbic system. Examples of Learning Methods:
✔Group discussions, collaborative projects, and peer-to-peer learning.
✔Using cooperative learning activities, team-based tasks, or brainstorming sessions can
be effecti ve.
Social (Interpersonal) Learners
Characteristics:
✔Prefer to work alone and use self-study.
✔They tend to be introspective, self-motivated, and reflective in their learning.
▶Area of the Brain Involved:
✔Frontal and temporal lobes, and the limbic system.
▶Examples of Learning Methods:
✔Engaging in self-paced study, keeping a journal, or reflecting on personal experiences to
enhance learning.
✔Setting personal goals and working independently on assignments is ideal for this
learner.
Solitary (Intrapersonal) Learners
asserts that most individuals can learn
effectively if their unique learning preferences are identified and addressed. It emphasizes
that each learner is different and has specific needs in terms of environmental, emotional,
sociological, physiological, and psychological preferences. The model is comprehensive,
providing insight into the variety of factors that influence how people learn.
Dunn and Dunn Learning Style Model
These refer to the physical environment in which a person learns best.
▶Factors Include:
✔Lighting: Some learners prefer bright lights, while others work better in dim lighting.
✔Sound: Some students focus better in complete silence, while others need background
noise, such as music, to concentrate.
✔Temperature: Preferences for a cooler or warmer room can affect a student’s ability to
focus.
✔Seating Arrangement: Learners may prefer formal seating (like a desk) or more informal
arrangements (like sitting on a couch or a rug).
▶Example: A student might find it easier to study in a quiet room with soft lighting, while
another may need lively background music to concentrate.
Environmental Preferences
Emotional factors involve how learners are motivated and how they respond to learning
tasks.
▶Factors Include:
✔Motivation Level: Some learners are self-motivated, while others need external
encouragement to stay engaged.
✔Persistence: Some learners stick with tasks longer than others, while others need
frequent
breaks or incentives to keep going.
✔Responsibility and Structure: Some students work best when given autonomy and
responsibility, while others thrive in highly structured, teacher-led environments.
▶Example: One student might be more motivated when working independently and
having encouragement control over their tasks, while another student might need constant feedback and
from the teacher to stay motivated
Emotional Preferences
This strand focuses on how learners interact with others during the learning process.
▶Factors Include:
✔Working Alone vs. in Groups: Some learners are more productive when working by
themselves, while others thrive in group settings.
✔Teacher Interaction: Some students benefit from direct teacher interaction, while others
prefer learning through peer collaboration or self-guided activities.
✔Peer Learning: Some learners like to share ideas and learn with others, while others are
more focused and productive on their own.
▶Example: A student might learn better in a collaborative project with their peers, while
might prefer to tackle the project alone, without distractions from group
another dynamics.
Sociological Preferences
These relate to the physical needs and rhythms that influence learning effectiveness.
▶Factors Include:
✔Time of Day: Some students are morning learners, performing best early in the day,
while others are more productive at night.
✔Food Intake and Movement: Some learners need snacks or breaks to stay focused, while
others can concentrate for longer periods without eating or moving.
✔Sensory Preferences: Learning can be enhanced through tactile (touch), auditory
(hearing), or visual (sight) methods, depending on the learner’s physiological needs.
▶Example: A student might prefer to study at night, after dinner, in a quiet room with
minimal distractions. Another might be more productive in the early morning with natural
daylight streaming into the room and regular breaks to move around.
Physiological Preferences
Psychological preferences refer to the mental approaches and processing styles
learners use to understand information.
Factors Include:
✔Global vs. Analytical Learners: Global learners prefer to see the big picture and
understand concepts as a whole before delving into details. Analytical learners, on the
other hand, prefer to break information down into smaller, manageable parts and focus
on details first.
✔Reflective vs. Impulsive Learners: Reflective learners take their time to process
information carefully before making decisions, while impulsive learners tend to make
quick decisions without deep reflection.
▶Example: A global learner might prefer a learning environment with soft lighting and
informal seating to grasp the big picture, while an analytical learner might prefer a well-lit,
structured environment with detailed instructions.
Psychological Preferences
