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2ND YEAR 1ST SEM (PRELIMS) > BIOCHEM WEEK 4 > Flashcards

BIOCHEM WEEK 4 Flashcards

1
Q

• Fats
• Insoluble in water
• Soluble in nonpolar organic solvents
• Wide structural diversity
• Can be classified based on biochemical function

A

Lipids

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2
Q

Classification of Lipids
BASED ON FUNCTION
• triacylglycerols

A

Energy storage

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3
Q

Classification of Lipids
BASED ON FUNCTION
• phospholipids
• sphingoglycolipids,
• cholesterol

A

Membrane component

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4
Q

Classification of Lipids
BASED ON FUNCTION
• bile acids

A

Emulsification

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5
Q

Classification of Lipids
BASED ON FUNCTION
• steroid hormones,
• eicosanoids

A

Messenger

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6
Q

Classification of Lipids
BASED ON FUNCTION
• biological waxes

A

Protective coating

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7
Q

hydrolysisoccurs & lipids are converted into 2 or more smaller molecules
• Triacylglycerols
• Phospholipids
• Sphingoglycolipids
• Biological waxes

A

Saponifiable

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8
Q

doesnotreact with water
• Cholesterol
• Steroid hormones
• Bile acids
• Eicosanoids

A

Nonsaponifiable

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9
Q

• Naturally occurring monocarboxylic acid • Usually contain
1. Evennumberofcarbons
2. unbranched carbon chain
3. Double bonds in a cis configuration (if present)

A

Fatty Acid

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10
Q

(t or f)

• Fatty acids may be classified based on the presence or absence of carbon-carbon double bonds

A

true

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11
Q

• all C-C bonds are single bonds

A

Saturated fatty acids

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12
Q

• one double bond

A

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids

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13
Q

• >1 double bond

A

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

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14
Q

• 2 numbers separated by a colon is used to denote length & number of C-C double bonds
• Carboxyl atom is C1
• Enclosed in parenthesis: Capital delta (Δ) with superscript indicating location of C-C double bonds

A

Delta Nomenclature

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15
Q

• C1 is the carbon atom on the methyl (noncarboxyl) end (ω)
• Family is determined by the location of the C-C double bond closest
to the omega end

A

Omega Nomenclature

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16
Q

• Most abundant type of lipid in the human body
• Lipid formed by esterification of 3 fatty acids to 1 glycerol molecule → triester + 3 H2O
• Location: within fat cells (adipocytes) found beneath the skin, in the abdominal cavity, in the mammary glands, and around various organs
• Simple – identical FAs
• Mixed – >1 type of FA

A

Triacylglycerols

17
Q

• TAG mixture that is solid or semisolid at room temp
• Saturated fatty acids predominate
• Odorless, colorless, tasteless when pure
• Animal source

A

FATS

18
Q

• TAG mixture that is liquid at room temp
• MUFAs and PUFAs predominate
• Odorless, colorless, tasteless when pure
• Plant source
• Fish source

A

OILS

19
Q

(t or f)

• Both the type of dietary fat and amount of dietary fat are important
• Recommendations:
• Limit to 30% of total calories
§ Less than 10% saturated fat
§ Up to 15% monounsaturated fat
§ Up to 10% polyunsaturated fat
• Intake of omega-3 fatty acids – from deep/coldwater fish oils (albacore tuna, salmon, mackerel)

A

true

20
Q

(t or f)

Fatty acid needed by the body that must be obtained from the diet as the body cannot synthesize them

A

true

21
Q

• Needed for proper membrane structure
• Starting material for production of longer-chain fatty acids

A

Linoleic & Linolenic acid

22
Q

eicosanoids

A

Arachidonic Acid

23
Q

for normal brain & retinal development

A

EPA & DHA

24
Q

Lipid that contains
§ 1 or more fatty acids
§ Phosphate group
§ Platform molecule – can be glycerol or sphingosine
§ Alcohol attached to phosphate
• Most abundant type of membrane lipid

A

Phospholipids

25
Q

• Phospholipid that has glycerol as its platform molecule
• Lipid that contains
§ 2 fatty acids
§ Phosphate esterified to Glycerol
§ Alcohol esterified to PO4 group
• All attachments between its groups are ester linkages
• Head + 2 tails structure
• Can undergo hydrolysis and
saponification in a manner similar to TAGs

A

Glycerophospholipids

26
Q

• Phospholipid that has sphingosine as its platform

• Lipid that contains
§ Fatty acid
§ Carbohydrate group – mono or disaccharide
§ Platform molecule –sphingosine
• Head + 2 tails structure
• Also undergo hydrolysis and saponification

A

Sphingophospholipids

27
Q

• monosaccharide (Glucose or Galactose)
• Myelin sheath

A

Cerebrosides

28
Q

• more complex branched chain of up to 7 monosaccharide residues
• grey matter & myelin sheath

A

Gangliosides

29
Q

• C27 steroid molecule
• Most abundant steroid in the
body – precursor of other steroids
• Structure
§ C3: –OH
§ C10, C13: –CH3
§ C5-C6: =
§ C17 – 8C side chain
• Cell membranes
• Brain & nerve tissue
• Virtually all fluids
• Mostly synthesized by the liver &
intestines

A

Cholesterol

30
Q

a lipid whose structure is based on a fused-ring system that involves three 6-membered rings & one 5-membered ring called the steroid nucleus

A

steroid

31
Q

is a compact molecule with limited water solubility

A

Cholesterol

32
Q

Cholesterol
• Distributed by protein carriers called

A

lipoproteins

33
Q

• Oxygenated C20 fatty acid derivative that functions as a messenger lipid
• Precursor: Arachidonic Acid
• Produced by almost all cells except RBCs
• Exert their effects in the tissues
where they are synthesized
• Prostaglandins
• Thromboxanes
• Leukotrienes

A

Eicosanoids

34
Q

Functions
• Mediation of inflammation
• Production of pain and fever • Regulation of blood pressure • Blood clotting
• Control of reproductive
functions, e.g. induction of labor • Regulation of sleep-wake cycle

A

Eicosanoids

35
Q

• C20 structure containing a cyclopentane ring + oxygen- containing functional groups
• C8 and C12 become connected
to form a ring
• Inhibit secretion of gastric acid
• Increase protective mucus layer of
the stomach
• Contract or relax smooth muscle
• Raise body temperature
• Intensify pain
• Enhance inflammatory response
• Antithrombotic effect

A

Eicosanoids

36
Q

• C20 structure containing a cyclic
ether ring + oxygen-containing
functional groups
• C8 and C12 become connected to form a ring
• Promote formation of blood clots – released by platelets to promote platelet aggregation

A

Eicosanoids

37
Q

• C20 structure containing
3 conjugated double bonds and hydroxy groups
• Mediate inflammation and hypersensitivity

A

LEUKOTRIENES

38
Q

• Monoester of long-chain fatty acid + long-chain alcohol • Fatty acids
• saturated
• 14-36 carbon atoms • Alcohols
• saturated or unsaturated
• 16-30 carbon atoms
• Water-insoluble, water-repellent
Functions
• Humans & animals –protect hair & skin to keep it pliable & lubricated
• Birds – keep feathers water-repellent & minimize loss of body heat
• Plants – prevent excessive evaporation and protect against parasitism • Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, Polishing

A

Biological Waxes

2ND YEAR 1ST SEM (PRELIMS) (13 decks)

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