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2ND YEAR 1ST SEM (PRELIMS) > BIOCHEM WEEK 1 > Flashcards

BIOCHEM WEEK 1 Flashcards

1
Q

• Basic unit of life simplest collection of matter that can live

A

Cell

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2
Q

(t or f)

• All living organisms are made up of cells
• Unicellular vs
Multicellular
• Prokaryotic vs
Eukaryotic

A

true

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3
Q

viewed thin samples of cork under a compound light microscope

A

Robert Hooke (1665)

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4
Q

first to observe microorganisms

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1674)

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5
Q

cell theory

A

Matthias Schleiden & Theodor Schwann (1839)

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6
Q

theory of biogenesis

A

Rudolf Virchow (1858)

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7
Q

T OR F
1. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
2. All organisms are made up of one or more cells
3. Cells arise from preexisting cells

A

TRUUUU

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8
Q

Size • 0.5-5um

Nucleus • No nuclear membrane • Nucleoid region in the Cytosol
Genome • Circular DNA complexed with RNA
Membrane-bound organelles
• Absent
Site of energy generation
• Cell membrane
Cell division • Binary fission

A

PROKARYOTES

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9
Q

Size • >10 um
Nucleus • Membrane-bound nucleus
Genome • Linear DNA complexed with histones & proteins
Membrane-bound organelles • Present
Site of energy generation • Mitochondria
Cell division • Mitosis and Meiosis

A

EUKARYOTES

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10
Q

• Envelopes cell contents; serves as the boundary and supports its structure
• Regulates movement of material into and out of the cell
• Plays a role in cellular communication

A

Plasma Membrane
• Cell membrane, plasmalemma

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11
Q

• Gelatinous substance that fills the inside of the cell
• Enclosed by the plasma membrane
• Located external to the nuclear membrane

A

Cytoplasm

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12
Q

substance in which the organelles are suspended

A

Cytosol

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13
Q

• Provides structural support to cells
• Assist with cell motility and movement of materials throughout the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

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14
Q

• Microtubules
• Microfilaments
• Intermediate
filaments

A

Cytoskeleton

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15
Q

• Powerhouse of the cell - site of energy production in the form ofATP
• Double-membrane bound organelle
• Contains its own DNA

A

Mitochondria

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16
Q

• Site of protein synthesis
• 2 subunits
• large
• small

A

Ribosomes

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17
Q

• convoluted membranous network of intercommunicating channels called cisterns
• ROUGH
• Modifies,
transports, and
stores proteins
• SMOOTH
• Detoxification
• Lipid biosynthesis

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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18
Q

• Packaging center
• completes
modifications of proteins produced in the RER
• packages and addresses proteins made by the RER to their proper destinations

A

Golgi Apparatus

19
Q

• Spherical, membrane-bound organelles
• Transport of cellular material
• Produced by the cell membrane

A

Vesicles

20
Q

• Spherical, membrane-bound organelles
• Suicidal bags
• Contains enzymes
for digestion
• Produced by the
Golgi Apparatus

A

Lysosomes

21
Q

• Spherical, membrane-bound organelles
• beta oxidation of lipids
• detoxification of harmful substances
• Formed by budding
from the ER

A

Peroxisome

22
Q

houses the genetic material (DNA) of the cell for directing protein synthesis

A

Nucleus

23
Q

consists of RNA and protein for ribosome assembly

A

Nucleolus

24
Q

boundary between cytoplasm and nuclear contents

A

Nuclear envelope

25
Q

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

• CARRIER PROTEINS facilitate movement of SOLUTES across a membrane
• from high to low concentration of solutes
(DOWNHILL / ALONG the concentration gradient)
• DoesNOTrequire
energy

A

Facilitated Diffusion

26
Q

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

• movement of WATER across a semipermeable membrane
• from low to high concentration of solutes
• DoesNOTrequire energy

A

OSMOSIS

27
Q

• PROTEIN PUMPS facilitate movement of SOLUTES across a semipermeable membrane
• from low to high concentration of solutes
(UPHILL / AGAINST the concentration gradient)
• REQUIRES energy

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

28
Q

• Transport of materials across the cell membrane through vesicles that are formed or lost as material is brought into or out of a cell

A

VESICULAR TRANSPORT

29
Q

VESICULAR TRANSPORT

• bulk movement of substances
INTO the cell by vesicles forming
at the plasma membrane

A

ENDOCYTOSIS

30
Q

VESICULAR TRANSPORT

• Bulk movement of substance
OUT OF the cell by fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane

A

EXOCYTOSIS

31
Q

ENDOCYTOSIS

Cell surface extends, forming pseudopodia that engulf particles that are internalized into a vacuole

White blood cell engulfing a bacterium

A

Phagocytosis

32
Q

ENDOCYTOSIS

Cell membrane invaginates to form a pit containing extracellular fluid; the pit pinches off & forms a vesicle

Reabsorption of small proteins in the kidney

A

Pinocytosis

33
Q

ENDOCYTOSIS

Ligands first bind to receptors on the plasma membrane, triggering the uptake of the receptor and bound substance

Uptake of cholesterol into cells

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

34
Q

Phases of the Cell Cycle

• G1
•S
• G2

A

Interphase

35
Q

Phases of the Cell Cycle

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

A

M Phase

36
Q

Interphase

• cells accumulate needed
enzymes and nucleotides needed for DNA replication

A

G1

37
Q

Interphase
• DNA replication

A

S

38
Q

Interphase

• Cells grow in preparation for
mitosis

A

G2

39
Q

• Chromosomes condense and become visible
• Centrosomes move toward opposite poles
• Spindle fibers emerge from centrosomes
• Nuclear envelope breaks down

A

PROPHASE

40
Q

• Chromosomes line up at the
metaphase plate
• Each sister
chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber originating from opposite poles

A

METAPHASE

41
Q

• Centromeres split in two
• Sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles
• Certain spindle fibers begin to elongate the cell

A

ANAPHASE

42
Q

• Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondense
• Nuclear envelope material surrounds each set of chromosomes
• The mitotic spindle breaks down
• Spindle fibers continue to push apart

A

TELOPHASE

43
Q

• Animal Cells:
A cleavage furrow separates the daughter cells
• Plant Cells:
A cell plate (new cell wall precursor) grows to separate the daughter cells

A

CYTOKINESIS

2ND YEAR 1ST SEM (PRELIMS) (13 decks)

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