PSCEP Review with Dr. Marcelo

Question 1

A synthetic derivative of ethisterone recommended by DOH to inhibit progestin, androgen, and glucocorticoid for endometriosis

Answer 1

Danazol

Question 2

The synthetic non-steroidal estrogen banned due to its teratogenic effect of causing vaginal cancer

Answer 2

Diethylstilbestrol

Question 3

This is the recombinant human IGF-1 used for the treatment of severe IGF-1 deficiency that is not responsive to Growth Hormone

Answer 3

Mecasermin

Question 4

Most common adverse effect of mecasermin

Answer 4

hypoglycemia

Question 5

The dopamine agonists commonly utilized to suppress GH secretion in acromegaly.

Answer 5

Cabergoline

Question 6

Common adverse effect with the long-term use of somatostatin analogs

Answer 6

Cholesterol gallstones

Question 7

The long-acting octapeptide somatostatin analog

Answer 7

Lanreotide

Question 8

The novel GH receptor antagonist which prevents GH from activating GH signaling pathways

Answer 8

Pegvisomant

Question 9

Most widely used somatostatin analog

Answer 9

Octreotide

Question 10

The initial agonist effect of GnRH administration resulting in increased concentrations of gonadal hormones in males and females during the first 7-10 days

Answer 10

flare

Question 11

Tumor flares during the initial administration of GnRH analogs can usually be avoided with the concomitant administration of which group of drugs?

Answer 11

Androgen receptor antagonists

ex: flutamide, bicalutamide, nilutamide

Question 12

Among the androgen receptor antagonists, which one is recommended (to reduce tumor flare) for use in combination with a GnRH analog due to its fewer gastrointestinal side effects

Answer 12

Bicalutamide

Question 13

The more dangerous toxic effect—usually associated with overdosage—of agents like ergotamine and ergonovine is:

Answer 13

prolonged vasospasm

Vasospasm caused by ergot is refractory to most vasodilators, but infusion of large doses of nitroprusside or nitroglycerin has been successful in some cases.

Question 14

This is a novel orally bioavailable potent inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1), which was used to treat atherosclerosis.

Answer 14

Avasimibe

Question 15

__________ is an inhibitor of cholesteryl ester-transfer protein (CETP) that increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. The drug increases HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels and decreases LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels.

Answer 15

Torcetrapib
Anacetrapib (discontinued drug development)

Question 16

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) plays an essential role in the addition of triglycerides to nascent VLDL in liver, and to chylomicrons in the intestine. Its inhibition decreases VLDL secretion and consequently the accumulation of LDL in plasma. An MTP inhibitor, ___________, is available but is currently restricted to patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Answer 16

lomitapide

Question 17

This is an antisense oligonucleotide that targets apo B-100, mainly in the liver. This binding leads to double-stranded RNA, which is degraded by RNase H and prevents translation of the mRNA to form the apo B-100 protein. It is used for the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Answer 17

Mipomersen

Question 18

Given for types III and IV hyperlipoproteinemia (hypertriglyceridemia)

Answer 18

Fibric acid or Fibrates

Fenofibrate and Gemfibrozil

Question 19

Long-acting statins

Answer 19

Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin

Question 20

These function primarily as ligands for the nuclear transcription receptor PPAR-α. They transcriptionally upregulate LPL, apo A-I, and apo A-II, and they downregulate apo C-III, an inhibitor of lipolysis. A major effect is an increase in oxidation of fatty acids in liver and striated muscle

Answer 20

Fibrates

Question 21

Uricosuric agents

Answer 21

Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone

Question 22

The preferred and standard-of-care therapy for gout during the period between acute episodes is _________, which reduces total uric acid body burden by inhibiting xanthine oxidase.

Answer 22

allopurinol

Question 23

This is indicated for gout and is also used between attacks (the “intercritical period”) for prolonged prophylaxis (at low doses). It prevents attacks of acute Mediterranean fever and may have a mild beneficial effect in sarcoid arthritis and in hepatic cirrhosis. It is also used to treat and prevent pericarditis, pleurisy, and coronary artery disease, probably due to its anti-inflammatory effect.

Answer 23

Colchicine