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Pharmacology > PSA Contraindications, side effects and cautions > Flashcards

PSA Contraindications, side effects and cautions Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that increase bleeding Warfarin Heparin

A

Shouldn’t be given to patients who are bleeding, suspected to be bleeding, or at risk of bleeding

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2
Q

Prophylactic heparin

A

acute ischemic stroke: risk of bleeding into stroke

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3
Q

Warfain

A

INR is increased by enzyme inhibitors

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4
Q

Steroids

A 
STEROIDS
Stomach ulcers
Thin skin
oEdema
Right and left heart failure
Osteoporosis
Infection
Diabetes
Cushing's Syndrome
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5
Q

NSAIDs

A 
NSAIDs
No Urine (renal failure)
Systolic dysfunction
Asthma (avoid unless strictly necessary)
Indigestion
Dyscrasia (clotting abnormality)
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6
Q

Antihypertensives

A

-Hypotension
-Bradycardia (BB); Electrolyte disturbance (ACEI and diuretics)
-ACE: cough
BB wheeze in asthma, worsen HF
CCB: peripheral oedema and flushing
Diuretics can cause renal failure: Loop cause gout, K sparing cause gynecomastia

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7
Q

Compression stockings

A

peripheral arterial disease

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8
Q

Metoclopramide

A 
Avoid in Parkinson's disease
Young women (under 20), low weight (risk of dyskinesia)
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9
Q

Constipation

A

Stop all opioid derived drugs

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10
Q

Methotrexate cautions

A

Don’t use trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole or other folate antagonists with methotrexate (pancytopenia, neutropenic crisis)
STOP methotrexate when septic
Regular WBC monitoring is required

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11
Q

Diuretics causing hyperkalemia

A

Potassium-sparing

ACEI

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12
Q

Diuretics causing hypokalemia

A

Loop diuretics

Thiazides

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13
Q

Acute stroke

A

should not be having heparin for 2 months

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14
Q

Verapamil

A

NOT to be used with a beta-blocker due to risk of bradycardia and asystole, and hypotensionon

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15
Q

COCP

A

Migraine with aura (increased risk of stroke)

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16
Q

Insulin

A

Is always SC except for sliding scales using short-acting Insulin

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17
Q

BB

A

Contraindicated in asthmatics

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18
Q

Causes of neutropenia

A

Clozapine and carbimazole

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19
Q

Causes of low platelets

A

Heparin

penicillamine

20
Q

Causes of hyponatreamia

21
Q

Causes of hypokalaemia

A

Loop and thiazide

22
Q

Causes of hyperkalaemia

A

Potassium sparing diureticc

ACEI

23
Q

Drugs causing hepatitis/cirrhosis

A

Paracetamol OD
Statins
Rifampicin

24
Q

Drugs causing Cholestasis

A 
Flucloxacillin
Augmentin
Nitrofurantoin
Steroid
Sulphonylureas
25
Q

ACEI in pregnancy

A

Teratogenic, switch to labetalol

26
Q

Tamoxifen cautions

A

Increases the risk of endometrial cancer
Increased efficacy of warfarin and caused high INR
Increased risk of VTE

27
Q

Sulphonylurea cautions

A

Higher risk of hypoglycemia- should not miss meals

28
Q

Long term steroids cautions

A 
increased risk of DM
risk of osteoporosis 
small risk of gastric irritation
never stop suddenly if on a long course
risk of HTN
29
Q

Drugs that cause SIADH

A

Carbamazepine

antipsychotics

30
Q

Drugs to stop before surgery

A 
Antiplatelts
anticoagulants
COCP
Oral hypoglycaemics the day before surgery
Insulin
Lithium the day before surgery
31
Q

Drugs NOT to stop before surgery

A

Beta-blockers
Calcium channel blockers
corticosteroids

32
Q

Thiazides can cause…

33
Q

Lithium excretion

A

is significantly reduced by ACEI, diuretics, and NSAIDs

34
Q

Caution with stopping antiepileptic drugs

A

Should never be abruptly stopped unless toxic

35
Q

Changes to insulin when unwell

A

Increased insulin doses due to increased basal blood glucose

36
Q

Failure to rotate insulin injection sites

A

Results in lipodystrophy and varies the quantity of insulin absorbed

37
Q

Effect of alcohol on blood glucose

A

Excessive alcohol intake results in life-threatening hypoglycemia

38
Q

Changes to steroids during sepsis

A

double the dose of long term steroids

39
Q

Aminophylline toxicity

A

tachycardia and even fatal tachyarrhythmias

40
Q

Contraindications for omeprazole

A

clopidogrel interacts with omeprazole

this would be stopped unless post-MI with stent insertion

41
Q

CCB

A

Can cause constipation

42
Q

Mirtazapine

A

convulsions

43
Q

Oral hypoglycemics to avoid in elderly

A

glibenclamide (long-acting and risk of hypoglycemia)

44
Q

Statins

A

cause muscle aches but don’t discontinue if mild

45
Q

Dose changes in Addisons

A

Elevated glucocorticoid requirements because of minor illness or trauma (2-3 times usual dose)
moderate to severe illness or trauma dose increased to 50-100 mg 2-4 times daily
fludrocortisone may be continued at the usual dose

46
Q

Cautions with asthma treatment in children

A

Avoid corticosteroids especially at higher doses

Dry powder devices are difficult for children to use

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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