PSA ADRs

Question 1

Common causes of hyperkalemia

Answer 1

ACEi
ARBs
Potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 2

Serious Side effects of Methotrexate

Answer 2

Bone marrow suppression (neutropenia)
cirrhosis
pulmonary toxicity

Question 3

Aminophylline Adverse effects

Answer 3

10-20 mg/L
convulsions
arhytmias

Question 4

Drugs that cause hyperkalemia

Answer 4

K BANK
K sparing diuretics e.g. spironolactone
Beta blockers
ACEI
NSAIDs
K supplements e.g. KCl

Question 5

Drugs causing hypokalemia

Answer 5

BAD FIT
Beta2 agonists
Amphotericin B
Digoxin

Furosemide
Insulin
Thiazide

Question 6

Drugs that caused prolonged QT

Answer 6

TOOQQRSADES
Thiazides
Ondansetron
Opioids
Quinidine
Quinolones
Risperidone
Sotalol
Antihistamines
(anti) Depressants
Erythromycin
SSRIs

Question 7

Digoxin toxicity Sx

Answer 7

Confusion
Nausea
visual halos
Arrhythmias

Question 8

Lithium toxicity Sx

Answer 8

Early: tremor
Intermediate: Tiredness

Late: 
arrhythmias, 
seizures, 
coma, 
renal failure, 
diabetes insipidus

Question 9

Phenytoin toxicity

Answer 9

Gum hypertrophy
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Peripheral neuropathy

teratogenic

Question 10

Gentamycin Toxicity

Answer 10

Ototoxic and nephrotoxic

Question 11

Vancomycin toxicity

Answer 11

Ototoxic and nephrotoxic

Question 12

Causes of SIADH

Answer 12

Carbamazepine and antipsychotics

Question 13

Common ADRs of ACEI

Answer 13

hypotension
electrolyte abnormalities
AKI
dry cough

Question 14

Common ADRs of BB

Answer 14

Hypotension
bradycardia
wheeze in asthma
worsens acute heart failure

Question 15

Common ADRs of CCB

Answer 15

Hypotension
bradycardia
peripheral edema
flushing

Question 16

Common ADRs of diuretics

Answer 16

Hypotension
Electrolyte abnormalities
AKI
subclass dependant effects

Question 17

Common ADRs of Heparins

Answer 17

Haemorrhage, HITT

Question 18

Common ADRs of Warfarin

Answer 18

Haemorrhage

has a procoagulant effect initally (need heparin alongside till INR exceeds 2

Question 19

Common ADRs of aspirin

Answer 19

Haemorrhage
peptic ulcers
gastritis
tinnitus in large doses

Question 20

Common ADRs of Digoxin

Answer 20

Nasuea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
blurred vison
confusion
drowsiness
distrubed yellow green visual perception/halo vision

Question 21

Common ADRs of Amiodarone

Answer 21

Interstitial lung disease (pulmonary fibrosis)
thyroid disease
skin greying
corneal deposits

Question 22

Lithium ADRs

Answer 22

early: tremor
Intermediate: tiredness
Later: arrhythmias, seizures, coma, renal failure, diabetes insipidus

Question 23

Haloperiol ADRs

Answer 23

dyskinesias

drowsiness

Question 24

Clozapine ADRs

Answer 24

Agranulocytosis

Question 25

Dexamethasone and prednisolone ADRs

Answer 25

``` Stomach ulcers Thin skin Edema Right and left heart failure Osteoporosis Infection Diabetes cushings Syndrome ```

Question 26

Fludrocortisone ADRs

Answer 26

Hypertension | sodium and water retention

Question 27

NSAIDs ADRs

Answer 27

``` No urine (renal failure) Systolic dysfunction (heart failure) Asthma Indigestion (any cause) Dyscrasia (clotting abnormality) ```

Question 28

Simvastatin ADR

Answer 28

Myalgia abdominal pain raised ALT/AST Rhabdomyolysis

Question 29

Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index

Answer 29

Warfarin digoxin phenytoin theophylline

Question 30

Enzyme inducers

Answer 30

``` PC BRAS Phenytoin Carbamazepine Barbituates Rifampicin Alcohol chronic Sulphonylureas ```

Question 31

Most common enzyme inhibitors

Answer 31

Ketoconazole Ciprofloxacin erythromycin Grapefruit juice

Question 32

Enzyme inhibitors

Answer 32

``` AODEVICES Allopurinol Omeprazole Disulfiram Erythromycin Valproate Isoniazid Ciprofloxacin Ethanol Sulphonamides ```

Question 33

Serotonin syndrome symptoms

Answer 33

``` altered mental state -confusion -agitation -mania autonomic dysfunction -diaphoresis -fever -shivering -diarrhea -tachycardia neuromuscular abnormalities -tremor -myoclonus -clonus (ocular clonus) -incoordination -hyperreflexia ```

Question 34

Drugs cusing serotonin syndrome

Answer 34

MAOI | Tramadol

Question 35

Managing Digoxin toxicity

Answer 35

Withhold digoxin until serum levels fall to normal range correct fluid and electrolyte abnormalities before restarting restart at reduced dose and monitor levels to guide titration

Question 36

Gingival hyperplasia

Answer 36

Ciclosporins Nifedipind and amlodipine Phenytoin

Question 37

Causes of macrocytosis

Answer 37

Phenytoin | Sulfasalazine

Question 38

Quinine

Answer 38

Tinnitus