PSA ADRs Flashcards
Common causes of hyperkalemia
ACEi
ARBs
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Serious Side effects of Methotrexate
Bone marrow suppression (neutropenia)
cirrhosis
pulmonary toxicity
Aminophylline Adverse effects
10-20 mg/L
convulsions
arhytmias
Drugs that cause hyperkalemia
K BANK K sparing diuretics e.g. spironolactone Beta blockers ACEI NSAIDs K supplements e.g. KCl
Drugs causing hypokalemia
BAD FIT
Beta2 agonists
Amphotericin B
Digoxin
Furosemide
Insulin
Thiazide
Drugs that caused prolonged QT
TOOQQRSADES Thiazides Ondansetron Opioids Quinidine Quinolones Risperidone Sotalol Antihistamines (anti) Depressants Erythromycin SSRIs
Digoxin toxicity Sx
Confusion
Nausea
visual halos
Arrhythmias
Lithium toxicity Sx
Early: tremor
Intermediate: Tiredness
Late: arrhythmias, seizures, coma, renal failure, diabetes insipidus
Phenytoin toxicity
Gum hypertrophy
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Peripheral neuropathy
teratogenic
Gentamycin Toxicity
Ototoxic and nephrotoxic
Vancomycin toxicity
Ototoxic and nephrotoxic
Causes of SIADH
Carbamazepine and antipsychotics
Common ADRs of ACEI
hypotension
electrolyte abnormalities
AKI
dry cough
Common ADRs of BB
Hypotension
bradycardia
wheeze in asthma
worsens acute heart failure
Common ADRs of CCB
Hypotension
bradycardia
peripheral edema
flushing
Common ADRs of diuretics
Hypotension
Electrolyte abnormalities
AKI
subclass dependant effects
Common ADRs of Heparins
Haemorrhage, HITT
Common ADRs of Warfarin
Haemorrhage
has a procoagulant effect initally (need heparin alongside till INR exceeds 2
Common ADRs of aspirin
Haemorrhage
peptic ulcers
gastritis
tinnitus in large doses
Common ADRs of Digoxin
Nasuea Vomiting Diarrhoea blurred vison confusion drowsiness distrubed yellow green visual perception/halo vision
Common ADRs of Amiodarone
Interstitial lung disease (pulmonary fibrosis)
thyroid disease
skin greying
corneal deposits
Lithium ADRs
early: tremor
Intermediate: tiredness
Later: arrhythmias, seizures, coma, renal failure, diabetes insipidus
Haloperiol ADRs
dyskinesias
drowsiness
Clozapine ADRs
Agranulocytosis
Dexamethasone and prednisolone ADRs
Stomach ulcers Thin skin Edema Right and left heart failure Osteoporosis Infection Diabetes cushings Syndrome
Fludrocortisone ADRs
Hypertension
sodium and water retention
NSAIDs ADRs
No urine (renal failure) Systolic dysfunction (heart failure) Asthma Indigestion (any cause) Dyscrasia (clotting abnormality)
Simvastatin ADR
Myalgia
abdominal pain
raised ALT/AST
Rhabdomyolysis
Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index
Warfarin
digoxin
phenytoin
theophylline
Enzyme inducers
PC BRAS Phenytoin Carbamazepine Barbituates Rifampicin Alcohol chronic Sulphonylureas
Most common enzyme inhibitors
Ketoconazole
Ciprofloxacin
erythromycin
Grapefruit juice
Enzyme inhibitors
AODEVICES Allopurinol Omeprazole Disulfiram Erythromycin Valproate Isoniazid Ciprofloxacin Ethanol Sulphonamides
Serotonin syndrome symptoms
altered mental state -confusion -agitation -mania autonomic dysfunction -diaphoresis -fever -shivering -diarrhea -tachycardia neuromuscular abnormalities -tremor -myoclonus -clonus (ocular clonus) -incoordination -hyperreflexia
Drugs cusing serotonin syndrome
MAOI
Tramadol
Managing Digoxin toxicity
Withhold digoxin until serum levels fall to normal range
correct fluid and electrolyte abnormalities before restarting
restart at reduced dose and monitor levels to guide titration
Gingival hyperplasia
Ciclosporins
Nifedipind and amlodipine
Phenytoin
Causes of macrocytosis
Phenytoin
Sulfasalazine
Quinine
Tinnitus
