Ps 388 Exam 2

Question 1

What are the goals of social life? Hint 3

Answer 1

1. ) Life will be secure against violence
2. ) Promises once made will be kept and carried out
3. ) possession of things will remain stable.

Question 2

What are the goals of life as elementary?

Answer 2

Constellation of groups of persons among who existed no expectation of security. Or possession of stability call society.

12 tributes form a constellation but not a society.

Question 3

What are the goals of life as primary? Sub four goals

Answer 3

Any other goals a society may set for itself presuppose the realization of these goals in some degree.

• Measure of security
• Human vulnerability to violence and proness.
• no stabilization of possession
• limited abundance and altruism

Question 4

Why are the goals of life as Universal?

Answer 4

All actual societies appear to take account of them.

Question 5

What is the definition of rules?

Answer 5

General imperative principles which require or authorize prescribed classes of persons or groups to behave in prescribed ways.

Question 6

What is the definition of body of rules?

Answer 6

a group of general imperative propositions that are linked logically to one another in such a way as to have common structure.

Question 7

What are the functions that governments must carry out to effect rules? Hint 8

Answer 7

1. ) made
2. ) communicated
3. ) administered
4. ) interpreted
5. ) enforced
6. ) legitimized
7. ) adaptation
8. ) protected

Question 8

What is the definition of diplomacy?

Answer 8

Conduct of relations between states and other entities with standing in world politics by official agents and by peaceful means.

Question 9

What are the functions of diplomacy? Hint: 5

Answer 9

1. ) facilitates communication between political leaders of states and other entities in world politics
2. ) negotiations of agreements, overlap interests
3. ) gathering of intelligence or information about foreign states, as policies have to be based on information from the world outside
4. ) minimization of the effects of friction in international relations.
5. ) diplomacy fulfills the function of symbolizing the existence of the society of the states.

Question 10

What are the four distinctions of diplomacy?

Answer 10

1. ) Includes the formulation of a state’s external policy and its execution
2. ) Diplomatic relations are either bilateral or multilateral
3. ) Diplomacy may be either ad hoc or institutionalized
4. ) distinguish between diplomatic and counsular branches of the conduct of international relations.

Question 11

What is a hegemon?

Answer 11

A great power that can exert its force on lesser powers, in which there would be no international law. Could impose its own law.

Question 12

What are the functions that the great powers perform? Hint 5

Answer 12

1. ) Preservation of general balance, protect the system
2. ) Avoidance and Control of Crises, but sometimes deliberately manufactured by the great powers bringing closer to war
3. ) Limitation of War
4. ) Unilateral Exercise of Local preponderance: dominance, primacy, hegemony over lesser powers
5. ) Spheres of Influence interest or Responsibility.

Question 13

What is the balance of power and how is it maintained? Simple vs complex, subjective vs objective, fortuitous vs contrived

Answer 13

A state of affairs such that no one power is in a position where it is preponderant and can lay down the law to others.

1.) Simple balance of power: bipolar, only option is intriscally increase military might, based on number of poles
Complex balance of power: multipolar, instrisically increase military might, alliance. Complicated by the existence of some other powers.

2. ) general balance of power vs. local or particular balance of power
3. ) Subjective balance of power; belief that a state of affairs exists in which one state is preponderant in military strength

Objective: no state is pondered. Only objectively possible after a war.

4.) Fortuitous: emerge without any conscious effort on the part of either of the parties bringing it into being

Contrived: owes its existence at least partly to the conscious policies of one or both sides.

State A does not want to impose over state B rough equilibrium, calibrates.

Question 14

What was the emergence of the international system? What two are needed?

Answer 14

System of states= sufficient contact+ sufficent impact behavior of each necessary element in the calculations of the other.

Question 15

What was the emegence of the international society? Hint common interests

Answer 15

Society of states= exists when a group of states conscious of certain common interests and values form a society, and are bound by common rules, and share workings in common institutions.

Question 16

When does an international society emerge? What four?

Answer 16

1. ) Common interests
2. ) Common values
3. ) Think of themselves by Common rules
4. ) Cooperate in the workings of Common institutions

Question 17

What are the 5 institutions of international society?

Answer 17

1. ) international law
2. ) Great powers management
3. ) Balance of power
4. ) Diplomacy
5. ) War

Question 18

What are the goals of international order? Hint 4

Answer 18

1. ) Preserving the system
2. ) Preserving the external sovereignty independence of member-states of the system.
3. ) Peace= Absence of war among states, default setting. But breach in special circumstances.
4. ) Common goals of social life(life=limit violence=monopoly of violence,truth= honoring agreement, and property= mutual respect for sovereignty )

Question 19

Why does a sense of common interest emerge?

Answer 19

Because of human vulnerability and proness to violence.

Question 20

According to Bull what are the most important functions of the great powers?

Answer 20

• Maintain the general balance of power in the system

- avoid control crisis.

Question 21

How do we divide sovereignty?

Answer 21

• Internal sovereignty is supremacy on its own territoy that accepts no other authority as equal.
• External sovereignty is when recognizes no outisde authority as superior.

Question 22

Why are the goals of truth, life, and property elementary?

Answer 22

Because unless they are realized we have no society.

Question 23

Why are the goals of truth, life, and property primary?

Answer 23

Because if a society wants to achieve any other goals, it must achieve first those goals.

Question 24

What does pacta sunt servanta mean?

Answer 24

Rules have to be obey or keep your promises.

Question 25

What does rebus sic statibus mean?

Answer 25

Legal doctrine in which a treaty becomes unapplicable because of change of circumstances.

Question 26

How are customs formulated and promulgated?

Answer 26

Formulated by long standing state practice. And Promulgated by opinion juris or opinion of the law.

Question 27

How are treaties formulated and promulgated?

Answer 27

Formulated by negotiated and signed. And Promulgated by ratification