PS 230 EXAM 2 REAL Flashcards

1
Q

Why Athenians?

A

Used as a proxy argument for realists

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2
Q

What do the Athenians tell us about justice?

A
  1. ) use of no fine phrases
  2. ) try to get what you want
  3. ) the standard of justice depends on the power to compel. Strong do what they want and weak have to accept it.
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3
Q

Why not be neutral according to the Athenians?

A

Because it is a sign of weakness

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4
Q

What is the knowledge of men leads us according to realists?

A

To conclude that it is general and necessary law of nature to rule whatever we can.
Follows one’s interest

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5
Q

What do Athenians say about powerful actors?

A

1.) There is no difference between right and wrong

2,) those who have independence is because strong

3.) conquering increase security of empire

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6
Q

What is Nicole Michaevelli, The Prince Chapter XV quote about in, “Concerning things for Which Men, and Especially Princes, are praised or Blamed”?

A
  1. ) it appears to me more appropriate to follow up the real truth(no fine phrases) than the imagination of it.
  2. ) many have pictured republics (Plato) which have never been known or seen
  3. ) because of how one lives in so far distant from how one ought to live
  4. ) he who negates what is done(reality) for what ought to be(idealized world) done, sooner effects his ruin then his preservation.
  5. ) a man who wishes to act entirely up to his profession of virtue soon meets with what destroys him among so much that is evil( Hans Morgentl)
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7
Q

How does Thomas Hobbes define power in the Leviathan Chapter in the most broadest sense?

A

Present means to obtain some future apparent good.

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8
Q

Two types of power according to Hobbes? And definition

A

Power is either original(natural) or instrumental.

Natural power can be defined as: faculties of body or mind. Such as strength, good looks, prudence, practical skill, eloquence, generosity, and nobility

Instrumental power can be acquired though natural powers or luck. For example riches, friends, reputation etc…

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9
Q

According to Thomas Hobbes what does equality of ability rise?

A

Equality of ability = equality of hope + scarcity = enemies.

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10
Q

What is Hobbes starting point?

A
  1. )On average we have the same intelligence and physical abilities
  2. ) out of this emerges equality of hope in getting what we want. But if two individuals want the same thing then we are enemies. Best way to deal with enemies is anticipation strike first.
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11
Q

According to Hobbes what are the 3 principles that causes quarrel in the nature of man?

A
  1. ) Competition: use of force to make master
  2. ) Diffidence: use of force to defend what is yours
  3. ) Glory: smallest things insignificant
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12
Q

According to Hobbes what condition do humans find themselves if there is no common superior(government)?

A

If they don’t have a common superior to keep them in awe(check) they are in that condition which is called war. Every man against man.

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13
Q

What does Hobbes make of morality, justice, wrong, good or bad?

A

That nothing can be unjust. The notions of right and wrong. Justice and injustice there is no place. When there is no common power there is now law. No law, no justice.

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14
Q

What are the 3 essential tenents implicit in Machiavelli’s doctrine of foundation-stones of the realists? According to E.H. Carr

A
  1. ) history is a sequence [pattern] of cause and effect, Carr refers to this sequence as “the determinist aspect of the historical process” meaning history is a sequence observable regularaties. Can be analyzed by intellectual effort, but cannot direct it. Imagination= liberals. Realists argue the course=sequence of pattern.
  2. ) theory does not ( as utopians assume) create practice, but practice creates theory
  3. ) politics are not (as utopians pretend) a function of ethics, of politics.

Liberals politics is a function of ethics.

Realists inverse function, ethics is a function of politics.

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15
Q

What has been the outstanding achievement of modern realism according to E.H. Carr?

A

The relative and pragmatic character of thought itself.

Outstanding achievement means that in the view of Carr, most important argument realists make is to reveal, not only the determinist aspect of the historical process. BUT
The relative and pragmatic character of thought(intellectual processes) itself.

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16
Q

What are Hans Morgenthau’s six principles of realism?

A
  1. ) believes that politics like society is governed by objective laws that have their roots in human nature
  2. ) main signpost helps political realism find its way through the landscape of international politics is the concept of interest defined in terms of power
  3. ) power is an objective concept that is universally valid
  4. ) political realism is aware of the moral significance of political action. Tension between moral command and requirements political action
  5. ) refuses to identify the moral aspirations of a particular nation with moral laws that govern the universe
  6. ) difference between political realism and other schools of thought is real. However much of the theory may be misunderstood and misinterpreted
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17
Q

What does Hobbes make of War? Hint 7

A
  1. ) continual fear
  2. ) danger of violent death
  3. ) solitary
  4. ) poor
  5. ) nasty
  6. ) brutish
  7. ) and short
18
Q

Hobbes on property?

A

No dominion, no mine and thine distinct. Every man get what he can get for as long as he can keep it.

19
Q

How can a weak person kill the strongest one?

A

Through secret machianation (cleverness) or confederacy (alliance).

20
Q

What doesn’t exist when there is war? Hint 3

A
  1. ) no letters
  2. ) no arts
  3. ) no society

Because of constant fear of violence and death.

21
Q

Difference between Hobbes and Lock?

A

Unlike John Locke, Thomas Hobbes argue that in absence of government. Life would be hell on Earth.

22
Q

What cause rationalist theories of neorealism and neoliberalism to emerge? Hint 7

A

1.) Intellectual History field two-way street between academia and the real world. IR and ir.

2.) WW1 emergence of IR
First homes of liberalism U.S. and UK
No destruction US. Dominant paradiagram liberalism

  1. ) After WW2 realism contd dominance, Hans Morgenthalw politics among nations
  2. ) 1960s changes in the real world challenged the post-world war 2 realistic shift from high politics
  3. ) changes in the area of low politics
  4. ) not taking too much in the state
  5. ) parties were relax
23
Q

What were the events in the real world that cause changes in the World academia? Hint 4

A
  1. ) Hitlers ascension to power, popular support, liberals belief in power of democracy, and public opinion.
  2. ) League of Nations Fail of collective security. (Italy and Japan Invasion)
  3. ) autarky(Hitler economic independence) during the 1930s Great Depression
  4. ) E.H. carr 20 years crisis 1919-1939
24
Q

What happened post WW2 that challenge the shift in nature of high politics? Hint 3

A

1.) Cuban Missile crisis-detente

2 U.S disaster in Vietnam. U.S had upper hand

3.) power of high politics becoming less important.

25
Q

What happened as the Cold war decline from a hot war?

A

The significance of international and social and economic relations increased. Spread of MNCs( Multinational corporations)

26
Q

What is Keohane and Nye argument?

A
  1. ) multiple channels of access
  2. ) force if of low salience
  3. ) no hierarchy of issues
27
Q

What is the timeline of liberalism, realism, complex interdependence, and neorealism?

A

1919- Liberalism
1930- Realism
1960s- Complex Interdependence
Then Waltz- Neorealism

28
Q

What does it mean to be rational?

A

To be able to establish the most effective and efficient ways to realize their interests within the environmental constraints they encounter.

29
Q

What are three level of analysis for images? Hint 3

A
  1. ) Individual
  2. ) state = inside out
  3. ) system = neorealism + neoliberalism
30
Q

Who is considered the father of neorealism?

A

Kenneth Waltz.

31
Q

On the third image of Kenneth Waltz, what are the three most important characteristics?

A
  1. ) Ordering principle
  2. ) character of the units of the system
  3. ) distribution of capabilities of the units in the system
32
Q

What is sensitivity vs. vulnerability?

A

Sensitivity: extent to which adverse event negatively affects a state.

Vulnerability: ability to react to the adverse event and mitigate the effects.

33
Q

What are 2 systems in the ordering principle?

A

Hierarchical= different kinds of units organized under a line of authority

Anarchical = units are similar in nature+ absence of any overarching authority

34
Q

What are the 5 components of the ordering principle?

A
  1. ) anarchy
  2. ) self-help environment
  3. ) no international 911
  4. ) states are socialized in mutual distrust and quest for survival
  5. ) because states do not want to be selected out of the system
35
Q

Name 5 assumptions about political actors?

A
  1. ) atomistic the source of their own conceptions of good
  2. ) self-interested, concerned primarily about their own interests, utility maximizers
  3. ) rational means most effective and efficient way to realize their own interests with few constraints
  4. ) interests are assumed to be separate from social interactions
  5. ) Society is understood as a strategic realm which means chess.
36
Q

What is the book of Kenneth Waltz in 1959 called?

A

Man, the state, and War.

37
Q

What is Kenneth Waltz 1979 book called?

A

Theory of international politics

38
Q

What are John Measheimer 3 thoughts on neorealism?

A
  1. ) realists point a “grim picture of world politics
  2. ) not a constant state of war, but possibility of war always being in the background (aka Thomas Hobbes)
  3. ) genuine peace = states do not compete for power
39
Q

What are Mearshiemer’s five assumptions?

A
  1. ) anarchy = ordering principle does not equal chaos
  2. ) states inherently possess some military capabilities to destroy each other
  3. ) states can never be certain about the intentions of other states
  4. ) most basic driving motive driving states is survival
  5. ) states think strategically
40
Q

What are Mearsheimer three main patterns of behavior resort?

A
  1. ) states in the international system fear each other
  2. ) aim to guarantee own survival
  3. ) states in the international system aim to maximize their relative power positions over states.
41
Q

What is Complex interdependence?

A

Theory that stresses result of growing ties, the transitional actors. Become mutually dependent and vulnerable to each other’s actions