Protozoal vector-borne disease

Question 1

Leishmaniasis

Protozoal agent?

Primary vector(s)?

Reservoir?

Answer 1

Protozoal Agent: Leishmania spp.

Vector(s): Lutzomyia spp., Phlebotomus spp.

Reservoir: Rodents’ other small mammals; domestic dogs

Question 2

Chaga’s disease

Protozoal agent?

Primary vector(s)?

Reservoir?

Answer 2

Protozoal Agent: Trypanosoma cruzi

Vector(s): Triatome bugs (Triatoma and Rhodnius spp.)

Reservoir: Rodents, raccoons, opossums, armadillos, skunks; domestic dogs

Question 3

Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)

Protozoal agent?

Primary vector(s)?

Reservoir?

Answer 3

Protozoal Agent: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, T. b. rhodesiense

Vector(s): Tsetse flies (Glossina palpalis, G. morsitans)

Reservoir: People (T. b. gambiense); people, cattle, wild ruminants (T. . rhodesiense)

Question 4

African animal trypanosomiasis, gagana

Protozoal agent?

Primary vector(s)?

Reservoir?

Answer 4

Protozoal Agent: T. b. brucei, T. congolense, and T. vivax

Vector(s): Tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans, G. palpalis, and G. fusca); Tabanus spp. (T. vivax)

Reservoir: Cattle, wild ruminants

Question 5

Canine hepatozoonosis

Protozoal agent?

Primary vector(s)?

Reservoir?

Answer 5

Protozoal Agent: Hepatozoon canis

Vector(s): Rhiphicephalus sanguineus sensu lato

Reservoir: Domestic dogs

Question 6

American canine hepatozoonosis

Protozoal agent?

Primary vector(s)?

Reservoir?

Answer 6

Protozoal Agent: Hepatozoon americanum

Vector(s): Ambylomma maculatum

Reservoir: Domestic dogs, coyotes, other wildlife

Question 7

Cytauxzoonosis

Protozoal Agent?

Vector(s)?

Reservoir?

Answer 7

Protozoal Agent: Cytauxzoon felis

Vector(s): Ambylomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis

Reservoir: Domestic cats, and bobcats

Question 8

Canine babesiosis

Protozoal agent?

Primary vector(s)?

Reservoir?

Answer 8

Protozoal Agent: Babesia canis, B. vogeli, B. rossi, B. gibsoni

Vector(s): Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemophysalis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato

Reservoir: Domestic dogs

Question 9

Bovine babesiosis

Protozoal agent?

Primary vector(s)?

Reservoir?

Answer 9

Protozoal Agent: Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia divergens

Vector(s): Rhiphacephalus spp., Dermacentor spp., Ixodes ricinus

Reservoir: Cattle, wild ruminants

Question 10

East Coast fever

Protozoal agent?

Primary vector(s)?

Reservoir?

Answer 10

Protozoal Agent: Theileria parva

Vector(s): Rhipicephalus spp.

Reservoir: Cattle and wild ruminants, esp. African buffalo

Question 11

Tropical theileriosis

Protozoal agent?

Primary vector(s)?

Reservoir?

Answer 11

Protozoal Agent: Theilera annulata

Vector(s): Hyalomma spp.

Reservoir: Cattle, water buffalo, yak, camel

Question 12

Cattle piroplasmosis

Protozoal agent?

Primary vector(s)?

Reservoir?

Answer 12

Protozoal Agent: Theileria orientalis

Vector(s): Haemaphysalis spp., also possibly blood-feeding flies and lice

Reservoir: Cattle

Question 13

Avian malaria

Protozoal agent?

Primary vector(s)?

Reservoir?

Answer 13

Protozoal Agent: Plasmodium spp.

Vector(s): Mosquitoes

Reservoir: Birds

Question 14

Leukocytozoonosis

Protozoal agent?

Primary vector(s)?

Reservoir?

Answer 14

Protozoal Agent:

Vector(s): Blackflies (Simulium spp.), Culicoides spp.

Reservoir: Birds

Question 15

Haemoproteus spp.

Primary vector(s)?

Reservoir?

Answer 15

Vector(s): Mosquitoes, tabanid flies, hippoboscid flies

Reservoir: Birds