Georgis' Parasitology of Veterinarians 11 ed (Terminology)

Question 1

Identification?

Host?

Treatment?

Answer 1

Identification: Polyplax spinulosa

Host: Rat

Treatment: Fipronil

Question 2

Identification?

Host?

Treatment?

Answer 2

Identification: Polyplax serrata

Host: mice

Treatment: fipronil

Image: Polyplax serrata (Anoplura) of the mouse. Left, male. Center, female. Right, nymph.

Question 3

Binomen

Answer 3

The full zoologic name of an animal, consisting of the genus name followed by the species name.

Question 4

Speciation

Answer 4

Refers to something done by a creature as it evolves from one species type to another

Question 5

Symbionts

Answer 5

Animals that live in close association with each other

Question 6

Symbiosis

Answer 6

The process of symbionts living together.

Question 7

Mutualism

Answer 7

Further defines symbiosis.

Both hosts benefit.

Question 8

Commensalism

Answer 8

When the two organisms just live together and neither “loses” or “wins”

Question 9

Commensals

Answer 9

Organisms that live together and neither “loses” or “wins

Question 10

Phoresis

Answer 10

One organism serves to carry the other organism from place to place

Question 11

Parasitism

Answer 11

“One of the two draws its subsistence from the other to the appreciable injury of the latter.” The parasite, by definition, has negative effects on its host.

Question 12

Obligate parasites

Answer 12

Always require a host

Question 13

Facultative parasites

Answer 13

Parasites only if given the opportunity

Question 14

Host-specific

Answer 14

Parasites that live only on or in a single host

Question 15

Definitive host

Answer 15

The host in which the adult or sexually reproductive processes of the parasite occur.

Question 16

Intermediate host

Answer 16

A host in which there is required development of intermediate or larval stages

Question 17

Paratenic host

Answer 17

The host is infected with a parasite that does not undergo any required development, although the parasite sometimes can grow very large in the chain of paratenic hosts that are used (as in the piscine hosts of the larvae of Dibothriocephalus latus).

Also in the case of paratenesis, the parasites should be transferable from host to host until they ultimately make their way into the final host

Question 18

Vectors

Answer 18

Organisms that transmit parasites directly from host to host.

Question 19

Mechanical vectors

Answer 19

basically living contaminated syringes from that transmit parasites, usually in a bit of fresh blood directly from one host to the next

Question 20

biologic vector

Answer 20

Vector is required in the life cycle of the parasite.

Question 21

reservoir hosts

Answer 21

Parasites may cycle in animals other than those we consider the host of interest

Question 22

endemic (human) or enzootic (animals)

Answer 22

parasites are present at some stable rate in a population

Question 23

hyperendemic

Answer 23

If the disease is present at a very high level in a population

Question 24

Prevalence

Answer 24

Percentage of infected individuals in an area at any given time. Measurement of endemicity.

Question 25

Incidence

Answer 25

Rate at which new infections are occurring within a population

Question 26

Epidemic

Answer 26

Concurrent and sharp ride in prevalence (%) and incidence (rate)

Question 27

Anthropozoonosis

Answer 27

Defines a disease of humans acquired from animals

Question 28

Zooanthroponosis

Answer 28

• considered by some as “reverse zoonosis,” defines a disease of animals acquired from people
• e.g., the transmission of Entamoeba histolytica to cats, Giardia lamblia to dogs, tuberculosis to cattle, or Schistosoma mansoni to baboons

Question 29

Amphixenosis

Answer 29

• etymologically, disease of both hosts
• defines an infection that is interchangeable and shared between people and other vertebrates
• e.g., Chagas disease, Schistosoma japonicum, Staphylococcus spp.

Question 30

Anthroponoses

Answer 30

• etymologically, disease of humans
• defines infections restricted to humans that evolved from infections of lower animals
• e.g., malaria, typhus, relapsing fever

Question 31

Parazoonosis

Answer 31

In which humans are infected with a zoonotic agent only rarely (e.g., canine heartworm).

Question 32

Cyclozoonosis

Answer 32

Zoonotic agents restricted to vertebrates (e.g., Taenia solium)

Question 33

Metazoonosis

Answer 33

Agents that cycle between vertebrates and invertebrates (e.g., malaria)

Question 34

Saprozoonosis

Answer 34

Agents cycling between vertebrates and nonanimal hosts (e.g., Fasciola hepatica with metacercariae on vegetation).

Question 35

Zootherionosis

Answer 35

• used to define diseases of domestic animals infected with pathogens of wildlife
• Example: infection of imported domestic animals with African wildlife trypanosomes
• zoon, animal + therion, wild animal + o + nosos, disease

Question 36

Theriotithasonosis

Answer 36

• Is used for those cases in which wild animals can be infected with pathogens from domestic animals.
• Example: Lions in the Serengeti and in captivity have succumbed to a variant of the distemper virus from dogs.

Question 37

Anthropotherionotic

Answer 37

diseases from wild animals transmitted to people

Question 38

anthropotithasonotic

Answer 38

diseases from domestic animals transmitted to people

Question 39

premunition

Answer 39

state of resistance to infection, which is established after an acute infection has become chronic and which lasts as long as the infecting organisms remain in the body