Protozoa: Trypanosoma and Leishmania Flashcards
Genus Trypanosoma taxa:
Phylum: Euglenozoa
Subphylum: Kinetoplasta
Class: Kinetoplastea
Order: Trypanosomatida
Family: Trypanosomatidae
Genera: Trypanosoma
Genus Trypanosoma is divided into:
Stercoraria and Salivaria
Characteristics and differences between Stercoraria and Salivaria are:
(Lifecycle, transmission, location, reservori)
Life cycle is finished:
* Stercoraria: in vector, caudal part of GIT
* Salivaria: in vector, front part of GIT
Transmission:
* Stercoraria: feces of vector (rediviid bugs, flea)
* Salivaria: sucking of blood (tsetse fly, horsefly), mechanically (T. equiperdum)
Location:
* Stercoraria: in macrophages, epithelial cells, muscle cells, neurons
* Salivaria: extracellular, plasma, lymph, CS liquid
Reservoir:
* Stercoraria: armadillo, raccoon, opossum, su, ca, fel
* Salivaria: rodents, ru, ca, fel
Genus Trypanosoma.
Name species of Stercoraria and hosts:
T. cruzi - man, domesticated and wild animals, bugs
T. theileri - cattle, antilope (vector is Tabanus spp.)
T. cervi - deer
T. melophagium - sheep/(vector is sheep ked (sheep tick))
T. lewisi - rat, rats flea
T. musculi - mouse, flea
T. theodori - goat/ (vector is goat ked (goat tick))
T. noctuae, paddae, gallinarum, numidae, hannai - birds, mosquitos, Dermanyssus avium
What causes Chagas disease?
Trypanosoma cruzi
Name subgenuses of T. cruzi, T. melophagium and T. musculi:
T. cruzi: Schizotrypanum
T. melophagium: Megatrypanum
T. musculi: Herpetosoma
Genus Trypanosoma.
Name species of Salivaria and hosts:
T. brucei - gambiense - man, monkey, dog, Su (vector is Glossina spp.)
T. brucei - rhodensiense - man, animals (Glossina spp.)
T. brucei brucei - eq, su, ru, rodents (Glossina spp.)
T. vivax - ru, eq (Glossina spp)
T. uniforme - ru (Glossina spp.)
T. congolense - ru, eq (Glossina spp.)
T. simiae - sheep, cap, su, monkey (Glossina spp.)
T. suis - su (Horsefly)
T. evansi - eq, ru, dog (Tabanus spp., Stomoxys spp.)
T. equinum - eq, HD (Tabanus spp.), bats
T. equiperdum - eq (intercourse - veneral transmission)
Chronic sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis) is caused by and where:
Trypanosoma brucei - gambiense - West Africa
What causes acute sleeping sickness, and where?
Trypanosoma brucei - rhodensiense - East Africa
Name subgenuses of T. brucei brucei, T. uniforme, T. simiae and T. suis:
T
D
N
P
T. brucei brucei: Trypanozoon
T. uniforme: Duttonella
T. simiae: Nannomonas
T. suis: Pycnomonas
Name and describe life cycle stages of Trypanosoma:
1) Amastigote - no flagellum
2) Promastigote - elongated, kinetoplast in front of nucleus, flagellum
3) Epimastigote - undulating membrane, flagellum, kinetoplast in front of nucleus
4) Trypomastigote - kinetoplast behind nucleus, undulating membrane, flagellum
Which methods can be used to diagnose Trypanosoma?
1) Direct microscopy: blood smear, thick stained blood smear, thin stained blood smear
2) Concentration method: mikrohaematocrit (centrifugation), buffy coat method
3) Serological: IFAT, ELISA, CFT, NHA
4) PCR
Diagnostics of Trypanosoma equiperdum (Dourine):
Symptoms, diagnostics, pathologies
Clinical symptoms: oedema, skin lesions, pruritus, CNS damage symptoms
Microscopy: lavage of reproductive tract, puncture of skin lesion (movement)
Serology: CFT, ELISA, IFA
Pat. anatomy signs: anaemia, cachexia, skin lesions and changes to the genitals
Characterize genus Leishmania:
(Where, vector and pathology)
Intracellular parasite (in macrophages)
Vector is sandflies (Phlebotomus sp., Lutzomyia sp.).
Causes damage of CNS, hyperplasia of cells, skin, mucosa and internal organ damages
Different forms of Leishmania are:
Skin form and visceral form
Name types of skin form of Leishmania:
L. tropica minor (dry skin form) - rodents, dogs (Phlebotomus spp.)
L. tropica major (wet skin form) - rodents, dogs (Phlebotomus spp.)
L. peruviana - dog, Peru (Lutzomyia spp.)
L. mexicana complex - rodents (Lutzomyia spp.)
L. brasiliensis complex - Espundia (mucocutaneous) - rodents, Mexico&Brazil (Lutzomyia spp.)
Name types of visceral form of Leishmania:
L. Donovani - Kala-azar, dog, fox (Phlebotomus spp.)
L. Donovani infantum - kids, dogs, Mediterrenean area (Phlebotomus spp.)
L. chagasi - fox, dog, South America (Phlebotomus spp.)
Clinical signs of Leishmaniosis in dogs:
Alopecia
blepharitis (inflammation of eyelids)
ulcerative nasal mucocutaneous lesions,
papular dermatitis,
ulcerative lesions on the plantar surface of the paw,
onychogryphosis,
epistaxis,
uveitis,
purulent conjunctivitis,
popliteal lymphadenomegaly,
cachexia (chronic renal failure)
How to diagnose Leishmania?
Cytology: fine needle aspiration on the periphery of skin lesions, lymph nodes, internal organs (spleen), amastigote is small rounded in mammalian cytoplasma
Biological experiment
Intradermal test - L. tropica
Serology: rapid immunochromatographic test, ELISA, IFAT
PCR
