Dg of heteroxenous coccidia in intermediate host

Question 1

Explain schizogony of Sarcocystis spp.:

Answer 1

Schizogony:
- Endothelial cells: 2x rapid multiplication (endopolygony)
- Leukocytes: Slow multiplication (endodygony)
- Muscles: Slow multiplication (endodygony).
Young cysts - metrocytes
Mature cysts - bradyzoites

Question 2

Where is gamogony in Sarcocystis spp. life cycle?

Answer 2

Lamina propria of small intestine

Question 3

Where is sporogony of Sarcocystis spp. life cycle?

Answer 3

Endogenous in small intestine

Question 4

Explain the procedure of digestive method:

Answer 4

1. 15 g of meat is cut into small pieces and mixed with 40 ml of digestion solution (trypsine + buffer) in electric mixer
2. Digestion of the sample for 30 min
3. Filtration into 4 tubes
4. Centrifuge 5 min 1000 rpm
5. Discard supernatant and sediment from 4 tubes is poored into one
6. Centrifuge 2 min at 1000 rpm
7. Supernatant is discarded and 2-3 drops from sediment are placed on glass slide, covered with cover slip and examined

Question 5

What is the size of cyst of S. gigantea/ovifelis?

Answer 5

10 mm

Question 6

Where is cyst of S. rileyi?

Answer 6

mallard duck - chest muscles

Question 7

Describe the granular nodular stage of Sarcocystis:

Answer 7

caseous and necrotic material, parasites and their parts are not detectable

Question 8

How to treat infection with Sarcocystis?

Answer 8

Direct microscopy is NOT efficient (S. bovicanis/cruzi cyst)!

Cryosection technique (1 day procedure)

Question 9

Eosinophilic myositis:

Answer 9

Parasites killed by host immune system - noninfectious stage

Question 10

Explain the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii:

Answer 10

Cat in small intestine: nonsporulated oocyst is shed to environment.
This becomes sporolated oocyst in environment.
This is ingested by animals or humans by infected meat–> tachyzoites in various tissues and visceral organs. Vertical transmission causes abortion.
Tissue cysts develops in myocardium, CNS and skeletal muscles.
This goes back to the get through rats/mice.

Question 11

Diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii:

Answer 11

Flotation technique: detection of oocysts
Necropsy
Impression smear: Diff-Quick or Hemacolor staining
Histological
Immunochemistry
Serological
Biological assay
Molecular techniques

Question 12

What is the size of oocysts of T. gondii?

Answer 12

12x10 µm

Question 13

How is the oocyst of T. gondii?

Answer 13

2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites

Question 14

Sporulation of T. gondii in the environment is for how long?

Answer 14

up to 21 days (1-5 days)

Question 15

What does T. gondii cause in organs:

Answer 15

pneumonia, enteritis, meningoencephalitis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly

Question 16

Explain serological examination of T. gondii:

Answer 16

Detection of antibodies against T. gondii
- IgM for acute phase, within 1 week post infection
- IgG - 3 weeks post infection
Antibody titers are dynamic
Qualitative tests: latex agglutination, total antibodies, IFAT, ELISA, ODR (optical density)

Question 17

Explain biological assay for T. gondii:

Answer 17

Mice - tissue cyst detection
Cat - sporolated oocysts detection

Question 18

Explain molecular techniques for T. gondii:

Answer 18

Detection of DNA
Conventional PCR, real time PCR
Genotyping