Protozoa: Trichomonas, Giardia

Question 1

Trichomonas and Histomonas taxa:

Phylum, class, order, family, genus,

Answer 1

Phylum: Parabasala
Class: Trichomonadea
Order: Trichomonadida
Family: Monocercomonadidae
Genus: Histomonas, Dientamoeba
Family: Trichomonadidae
Genus: Trichomonas, Tritrichomonas, Pentatrichomonas, Tetratrichomonas, Trichomitus

Question 2

Division of Trichomonas:

Answer 2

Ditrichomonas (Dt) - 2 anterior flagella
Tritrichomonas (Tt) - 3 anterior flagella
Tetratrichomonas (T) - 4 anterior flagella
Pentatrichomonas (Pt) - 5 anterior flagella

Question 3

Reproduction of Trichomonas is by:

Answer 3

Binary fission

Question 4

Name species of Trichomonas in carnivores:

Answer 4

T. canistomae - dog, oral cavity
T. felistomae - cat, oral cavity

Question 5

Name species of Trichomonas in rodents:

c,m, w, m, m

Answer 5

Tt. caviae - guinea pig, caecum
Tt. muris - rodents, caecum
Tt. wenoni - rodents, caecum, colon
Tt. minuta - rodents, caecum, colon
Tt. microti - rodents, caecum

Question 6

Name species of Trichomonas in pigs:

Answer 6

Tt. buttreyi - caecum, colon
Tt. rotunda - caecum
Tt. suis - nasal cavity, GIT

Question 7

Name species of Trichomonas in horses:

Answer 7

Tt. equi - horse, colon
Tt. equibuccalis - horse, donkey, oral cavity

Question 8

Name species of Trichomonas in small ruminants:

Answer 8

Dt. ovis - sheep, small intestine

Question 9

Name species of Trichomonas in primates:

T
V
H
M

Answer 9

T. tenax - man, oral cavity
T. vaginalis - man, reproductive tract
Pt. hominis - man, caecum, colon
T. macacovaginae - Macacus rhesus, vagina

Question 10

Name species of Trichomonas in large ruminants:

E,P/B, F

Answer 10

Tritrichomonas enteritis
Tetratrichomonas pavlova, buttreyi - caecum, colon
Tritrichomonas foetus - reproductive tract –> vestibulovaginitis, endometritis, abortus, infertility

Question 11

Characterize tritrochomonas foetus:

Answer 11

Drop shape, 20x30µm, 3 anterior flagella, 1 posterior flagellum, short axostyle
Binary fission, rarely produce pseudocyst
Transmission: intercourse, artificial insemination
Diagnosis:
- Lavage of reproductive tract, vaginal and preputial samples (PBS, saline)
- Microscopy
- Culture in diamond medium 2-4 days
- PCR

Question 12

What does Trichomonas cause in birds:

Answer 12

Mucopurulent inflammation, yellowish plaque, ulcers on mucosa of oral cavity and internal organs

Question 13

Name types of Trichomonas in birds:

a,a, e, g, g

Answer 13

T. anatis - duck, caudal part of GIT
T. anseris - goose, caudal part of GIT
Tt. eberthi - chicken, turkey, duck, caecum
T. gallinae (columbae) - pigeon, chicken, turkey, wild birds - beak cavity, pharynx, crop, liver
T. gallinarum - gallinaceous birds - caecum, liver

Question 14

Characterize T. gallinarum:

Answer 14

trophozoit, 7-18 x 5-11 µm, 4 anterior flagella
pseudocyst 12-15 x 6 µm
way of transmission: feeding of young birds

Question 15

Where do you swab for Trichomonas gallinarum:

Answer 15

pharynx and crop

Question 16

Cultivation of Trichomonas gallinarum:

CPLM
DTYMM
DTTYSBM

Answer 16

Cysteine-Peptone-Liver-Maltose medium
Diamonds Trypticase-Yeast extract Maltose medium
Diamonds Tryptose-Trypticase-Yeast Extract Serum blood medium

Question 17

Genus Histomonas species:

Answer 17

Histomonas meleagridis

Question 18

H. meleagridis causes:

Vector?

Answer 18

Mucopurulent typhlitis, purulent hepatitis
Vector: Heterakis gallinarum

Question 19

Diagnosis of Histomonas:

Answer 19

Clinical signs
Pathomorphology
Histopathology
Culture
Serology (ELISA)
PCR

Question 20

Giardia taxa:

M,T, D, H, G

Answer 20

Phylum: Metamonada
Class: Trepomonadea
Order: Diplominadida
Family: Hexamitidae
Genus: Giardia

Question 21

Giardia causes:

Answer 21

gastroenteritis

Question 22

Name species of Giardia:

Answer 22

Giardia duodenalis (syn. lamblia, intestinalis)
Giardia agilis - amphibia, birds, reptiles
Giardia muris - rodents, birds, reptiles

Question 23

Two forms of Giardia:

Answer 23

1) Trophozoite = vegetative stage
- pear-shape, 12-17 x 6-12 µm
- duodenum, jejenum
- adhesive disc
2) Cyst = infective stage
- 4 nuclei, 8-14 x 6-10 µm
- feces

Question 24

Giardia way of transmission:

season,reproduction, age, pathology

Answer 24

Water or food containing cysts
Occurrence - spring, autumn
Reproduce by binary fission
Juveniles, kids
Diarrhoea containing mucus, no blood

Question 25

Diagnosis of Giardia:

Answer 25

Coprological examination/flotation technique
- cysts, stool greasy or watery, smelly
- containing mucus
Detection of coproantigen (rapid test, ELISA)
PCR
- assembles A-H