Protozoa: Trichomonas, Giardia Flashcards
Trichomonas and Histomonas taxa:
Phylum, class, order, family, genus,
Phylum: Parabasala
Class: Trichomonadea
Order: Trichomonadida
Family: Monocercomonadidae
Genus: Histomonas, Dientamoeba
Family: Trichomonadidae
Genus: Trichomonas, Tritrichomonas, Pentatrichomonas, Tetratrichomonas, Trichomitus
Division of Trichomonas:
Ditrichomonas (Dt) - 2 anterior flagella
Tritrichomonas (Tt) - 3 anterior flagella
Tetratrichomonas (T) - 4 anterior flagella
Pentatrichomonas (Pt) - 5 anterior flagella
Reproduction of Trichomonas is by:
Binary fission
Name species of Trichomonas in carnivores:
T. canistomae - dog, oral cavity
T. felistomae - cat, oral cavity
Name species of Trichomonas in rodents:
c,m, w, m, m
Tt. caviae - guinea pig, caecum
Tt. muris - rodents, caecum
Tt. wenoni - rodents, caecum, colon
Tt. minuta - rodents, caecum, colon
Tt. microti - rodents, caecum
Name species of Trichomonas in pigs:
Tt. buttreyi - caecum, colon
Tt. rotunda - caecum
Tt. suis - nasal cavity, GIT
Name species of Trichomonas in horses:
Tt. equi - horse, colon
Tt. equibuccalis - horse, donkey, oral cavity
Name species of Trichomonas in small ruminants:
Dt. ovis - sheep, small intestine
Name species of Trichomonas in primates:
T
V
H
M
T. tenax - man, oral cavity
T. vaginalis - man, reproductive tract
Pt. hominis - man, caecum, colon
T. macacovaginae - Macacus rhesus, vagina
Name species of Trichomonas in large ruminants:
E,P/B, F
Tritrichomonas enteritis
Tetratrichomonas pavlova, buttreyi - caecum, colon
Tritrichomonas foetus - reproductive tract –> vestibulovaginitis, endometritis, abortus, infertility
Characterize tritrochomonas foetus:
Drop shape, 20x30µm, 3 anterior flagella, 1 posterior flagellum, short axostyle
Binary fission, rarely produce pseudocyst
Transmission: intercourse, artificial insemination
Diagnosis:
- Lavage of reproductive tract, vaginal and preputial samples (PBS, saline)
- Microscopy
- Culture in diamond medium 2-4 days
- PCR
What does Trichomonas cause in birds:
Mucopurulent inflammation, yellowish plaque, ulcers on mucosa of oral cavity and internal organs
Name types of Trichomonas in birds:
a,a, e, g, g
T. anatis - duck, caudal part of GIT
T. anseris - goose, caudal part of GIT
Tt. eberthi - chicken, turkey, duck, caecum
T. gallinae (columbae) - pigeon, chicken, turkey, wild birds - beak cavity, pharynx, crop, liver
T. gallinarum - gallinaceous birds - caecum, liver
Characterize T. gallinarum:
trophozoit, 7-18 x 5-11 µm, 4 anterior flagella
pseudocyst 12-15 x 6 µm
way of transmission: feeding of young birds
Where do you swab for Trichomonas gallinarum:
pharynx and crop
Cultivation of Trichomonas gallinarum:
CPLM
DTYMM
DTTYSBM
Cysteine-Peptone-Liver-Maltose medium
Diamonds Trypticase-Yeast extract Maltose medium
Diamonds Tryptose-Trypticase-Yeast Extract Serum blood medium
Genus Histomonas species:
Histomonas meleagridis
H. meleagridis causes:
Vector?
Mucopurulent typhlitis, purulent hepatitis
Vector: Heterakis gallinarum
Diagnosis of Histomonas:
Clinical signs
Pathomorphology
Histopathology
Culture
Serology (ELISA)
PCR
Giardia taxa:
M,T, D, H, G
Phylum: Metamonada
Class: Trepomonadea
Order: Diplominadida
Family: Hexamitidae
Genus: Giardia
Giardia causes:
gastroenteritis
Name species of Giardia:
Giardia duodenalis (syn. lamblia, intestinalis)
Giardia agilis - amphibia, birds, reptiles
Giardia muris - rodents, birds, reptiles
Two forms of Giardia:
1) Trophozoite = vegetative stage
- pear-shape, 12-17 x 6-12 µm
- duodenum, jejenum
- adhesive disc
2) Cyst = infective stage
- 4 nuclei, 8-14 x 6-10 µm
- feces
Giardia way of transmission:
season,reproduction, age, pathology
Water or food containing cysts
Occurrence - spring, autumn
Reproduce by binary fission
Juveniles, kids
Diarrhoea containing mucus, no blood
Diagnosis of Giardia:
Coprological examination/flotation technique
- cysts, stool greasy or watery, smelly
- containing mucus
Detection of coproantigen (rapid test, ELISA)
PCR
- assembles A-H
