Protozoa: Apicomplexa - Heterogenous coccidia Flashcards
Name heterogenous coccidia:
Cystoisospora, Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma, Neospora
Genus Cystoisospora, name family and order:
Order: Eimerida
Family: Sarcocystidae
Cystoisospora of pigs causes:
Neonatal enteritis characterized by destruction of the villi of the small intestine epithelium
- widespread disease of piglets aged 8-15 days
Characterize Cystoisospora suis:
3rd generation of meronts
Epithelium of small intestine, 3.-5. day after infection
Enteric syndrome: yellow-grey diarrhoea, acidic odour, watery without blood - death
Sporogony up to 16 hours
Cystoisospora in Russia and SPain:
Almaataenis (RUssia)
Neyrai (Spain)
Cystoisospora of dogs and cats causes:
Enteritis, diarrhoea, polyuria
Types of Cystoisospora in dogs and cats:
Cystoisospora felis - small inestine, oocyst 38-51 x 27-39 µm, prepatent 10-11 days
C. rivolta (cati) - small intestine
C. canis - caudal part of small intestine, oocyst 34-40 x 28-39 µm, prepatent per 9 days
C. ohioensis complex - ohioensis - Small intestine, cecum, colon
———’’——— - neorivolta - caudal part small intestine
———’’——— - burrowski - caudal part of small intestine
Characterize Cystosporosis of dogs and cats:
Rarely paratenic host (rodents
Sporogony is exogenous
Merogony and gamogony in epithelial cells of small intestine
PO infection
Resistant oocyst for more than 1 year
Anorexia, apathy, diarrhoea with mucus and blood, death
Order and family of genus Sarcocystis:
Order: Eimerida
Family: Sarcocystidae
Sarcocystis is:
Heteroxenous cyst creating coccidia with indirect life cycle
Characterize Sarcocystis reproduction in man and carnivores:
Gamogony and sporogony in small inestine
Sarcocystis lifecycle in herbivores, omnivores and birds:
Excystation in small intestine –> merogony –> sporozoit –> endothelium of blood capillaries –> meront –> lymphocytes(?) –> 3rd gen of meronts –> muscles –> cyst –> bradyzoite
Sarcocystis cyst is a:
muscle cyst
How many species are of Sarcocystis?
Approx. 90
Name some species of Sarcocystis:
S. cruzi (bovicanis), S. hirsuta (bovihominis), S. ovicanis (tenella), S. arieticanis, S. gigantaea (ovifelis), S. medusiformis
S. capracanis (moulei), S. hircicanis
S. suicanis, S. porcifelis, S. suihominis (miescheriana), S. equicanis (bertrami), S. fayeri, S. horvathi, S. cuniculi
How to diagnose Sarcocystis:
DH - sporulated cyst in feces, flotation method
- 2 sporocysts/4 sporozoites, 14-15 x 9-10 µm
IH - serological test (IFAT, ELISA, IHAT)
- biopsy (histology)
- digestive method (microcyst < 1 mm)
- histology
- meat inspection (macrocyst 4-15 mm)
Division by number of hosts:
Eimeria spp., Cryptosporidium spp - 1 host
Isospora spp. - paratenic host
Sarcocystis spp. and toxoplasma gondii - more hosts
Which genera has endogenous sporogony?
Cryptosporidium spp. and Sarcocystis spp.
What causes protozoan myeloencefalitis of horses?
Sarcocystis neurona
Hosts of Sarcocystis neurona:
IH: raccoon, armadillo, skunk, feline etc.
DH: possum
Neospora caninum hosts:
IH: eq, cow - abortion
DH: dog
Toxoplasma gondii hosts:
DH: domestic cat, wild felids
IH: mammals and birds
Reproduction of toxoplasma gondii:
Small inestine (schizogony and gamogony)
Nonsporylated oocyst is shed by felids into environment. Sporolated oocyst in environment.
Tachyzoites (T. gondii) in various tissues are:
pseudocyst
Tissue cysts are called (T.gondii):
bradyzoites
- myocard, CNS, skeletal muscles
T. gondii can be transmitted by:
Transplacental (vertical) transmission
Infection with tachyzoites and bradyzoites through:
Tachyzoites: raw goat milk
Bradyzoites: raw meat and meat products
Sporolated oocysts: soil (vegetables) and contaminated water
Toxoplasmosis in humans causes:
Immunocompetent individuals: asymptomatic, lymphadenopathy
Immunocompromised (HIV, organ transplants): encephalitis, pneumonia, vision problems
Pregnant women: abortions, hydrocephalus, uveitis
Toxoplasmosis in animals causes:
Reproduction problems in sheep and goats.
Acute fatal toxoplasmosis in pallas cats, marsupials, lemurs, new world apes, brown hare
Diagnostics of toxoplasma:
DH: flotation method - oocysts 12x10µm
2 sporocysts | 4 sporozoites
(Cat only shed oocyst during primoinfection for 21 days!!)
IH: serology (Sabin-Feldmann dye test, CFR, IFAT, ELISA, latex agglutination), biological assay (mice, cat), PCR
Genotyping genotypes I, II, III
