Protozoa: Apicomplexa - Babesia, Theileria, Plasmodium

Question 1

Taxa:

Answer 1

Protozoa
Phylum: Alveolata
Subphylum: Apicomplexa
Class: Haematozoea
Order: Piroplasmida

Question 2

Genus Babesia family:

Answer 2

Babesiidae

Question 3

Name species of Babesia in species:

Answer 3

Cattle: B. bigemina, major, bovis, divergens, ovata, occultans, beliceri
Small Ru: B. motasi, ovis, capreoli, crassa
Horses: B. caballi, equi
Dogs: B. canis, gibsoni
Cats: B. felis
Pigs: B. trautmanni, perroncitoi
Humans: B. microti, divergens

Question 4

Babesia in intermediate hosts is:

Answer 4

Intraerythrocytic (vertebrates)

Question 5

Vector of Babesia:

Answer 5

Dermacentor reticulatus (B. canis)
Ixodes ricinus (B. divergens)
Boophilus
Rhipicephalus
Hyalomma

Question 6

Diagnosis of Babesia:

Answer 6

Clinical signs: fever, anaemia, icterus, pigmenturia
Blood sampling: capillary blood (ear, tail tip)
V. jugularis alternative for B. bigemina and B. divergens
Blood smear: staining Giemsa Romanovsky, Diff-Quick
ELISA, IFAT
PCR

Question 7

Explain large and small Babesia:

Answer 7

Large: 2-5 µm, 2 individuals - acute angel, center of Erythrocytes

Small: 1-2 µm, 2 individuals - obtuse angel, periphery of erythrocytes

Question 8

Genus Theileria family:

Answer 8

Theileriidae

Question 9

Species of genus Theileria and diseases:

Answer 9

Th. parva parva - East Coast fever
Th. parva bovis - January disease
T. parva lawrencei - Corridor disease
T. annulata - Mediterrenean Coast fever

Question 10

Characterize Theileria:

Answer 10

Intracellular parasites - lymphocytes
90-100% mortality
Causes fever, enlarged lymphocytes, dyspnoea, diarrhoea, anorexia, watery eyes, runny nose

Question 11

Diagnosis of Theileria:

Answer 11

Stained blood smear
Biopsy of lymph nodes
IFAT
PCR

Question 12

Vector of Theileria:

Answer 12

Ticks: Rhidicephalus appendiculatus, Hyalomma

Question 13

Transmission of Theileria:

Answer 13

Trans-stage:
larva-nymph, nymph-adult

Question 14

Intermediate host of Theileria:

Answer 14

Ruminants

Question 15

Order and family of genus Haemoproteus, Leycocytozoon and Plasmodium?

Answer 15

Order: Haemosporida
Family: Plasmodidae

Question 16

Species of genus Haemoproteus, vector and pathology:

Answer 16

Haemoproteus columbae
Vector: hypoboscidae, biting midges
Pathologies: erythrocyte decay, anaemia, hypertrophy of liver and spleen

Question 17

Species of genus Leucocytozoon:

Answer 17

L. simondi - duck, geese
L. smithi - turkey
L. naevi - fowl
L. cauleryi, sabrazesi - chicken

Question 18

Genus Leucocytozoon pathologies and vector:

Answer 18

Pathologies: hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
Vector: Simuliidae

Question 19

Genus Plasmodium species:lasmodium praecox, gallinaceum and juxtanucleare causes:

Answer 19

Fever, splenomegaly, anaemia
Vector: Anopheles spp., Culex spp.

Question 20

Which Plasmodium causes malaria?

Answer 20

Plasmodium falciparum - malaria tertiana
P. malariae - malaria quartana
P. vivax - malaria tertiana
P. ovale - malaria tertiana
Vector: Anopheles spp.

Question 21

Name 3 stages of the life cycle of Plasmodium:

Answer 21

Invasive forms
Asexual stages
Sexual development

Question 22

Genus Hepatozoon taxa:

Answer 22

Phylum: Alveolata
Subphylum: Apicomplexa
Class: coccidea
Order: Adeleida
Family: Hepatozoidae
Genus: Hepatozoon

Question 23

Name species of genus Hepatozoon:

Answer 23

H. canis - dogs in Europe
H. americanum - dogs in America
H. felis - cats
H. aegypti - snakes

Question 24

Vectors of Hepatozoon:

Answer 24

H. canis: Rhidicephalus sanguineus, Ixodes spp.
H. americanum: Amblyoma maculatum
H. felis: Rhidicephalus sanguineus
H. aegypti: mosquitos

Question 25

Hepatozoon causes:

Answer 25

Oral infection

Question 26

Reproduction of Hepatozoon:

Answer 26

Ca, fe - (IH) - asexual
Tick (vector) (DH) - sexual, sporogony
trans-stage transmission!