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Clinical Pathology/Parasitology > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Isospora sp.

A

Coccidia

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2
Q

what portion of isospora/eimeria sp. are observed?

A

oocyst

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3
Q

what do isospora/eimeria oocys look like?

A

clear outer ring surrounding greyish center

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4
Q

what is the importance of isospora sp.?

A

diarrhea in puppies

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5
Q

how is isospora/eimeria sp. diagnosed?

A

Oocysts in feces

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6
Q

how is isospora/eimeria sp. controlled? (2)

A
  1. treat infected animals

2. remove feces

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7
Q

what species does isospora sp. affect? (3)

A

dogs
cats
swine

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8
Q

where do the adult isospora sp. live?

A

SI

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9
Q

what damage do isospora sp. cause in the SI as they reproduce?

A

destroy epithelial cells

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10
Q

what syptoms do isospora sp. cause?

A

bloody diarrhea

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11
Q

how is isospora sp. treated?

A

sulfonamide antibiotics

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12
Q

Eimeria spp.

A

Coccidia

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13
Q

what is the importance of eimeria sp.?

A

Diarrhea

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14
Q

how is eimeria sp. treated? (2)

A
  1. sufonamide antibiotics

2. amprolium

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15
Q

where does the motile form of giardia live?

A

small intestine

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16
Q

what form of giardia is motile?

A

Trophozoite

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17
Q

what can giardia cause?

A

diarrhea

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18
Q

how is giardia diagnosed?

A

fecal direct smear with iodine

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19
Q

how is giardia transmitted?

A

ingestion of contaminated feed or water

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20
Q

how is giardia treated?

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl®)

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21
Q

what else is available to help diagnose giardia?

A

Fecal antigen test

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22
Q

what are the signs of giardia in humans? (2)

A
  1. usually asymptomatic

2. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating

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23
Q

what are the signs of giardia in animals? (2)

A
  1. subclinical

2. diarrhea, wt. loss

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24
Q

what is the incubation time for giardia?

A

3 to 35 days

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25
where do most infection of giradia occur?
developed countries
26
what is the rate of infection of giardia?
1-30% in surveyed stool samples
27
what is the disease caused by giardia?
giardiasis
28
how can infection of giardia be prevented and controlled? (3)
1. Personal hygiene 2. Protect water supplies from contamination w/ feces 3. Filter public water supplies
29
how can contaminated water be treated in an emergency?
boil and add 2-4 drops of bleach or 10 drops 2% tincture of iodine to each liter of water (let sit for at least 20 mins.)
30
what is sarcocystosis
Disease caused by a protozoan parasite found in beef or pork
31
what is the organism that causes sarcocystosis?
Sarcocystis spp.
32
which disease is caused by a protozoan parasite found in beef or pork?
sarcocystosis
33
what are the symptoms of sarcocystosis in humans? (2)
1. usually asymptomatic | 2. nausea, diarrhea, discomfort
34
what are the symptoms of sarcocystosis in animals?
Subclincal
35
what is the incubation period for sarcocystosis?
2 weeks
36
where do most infection of sarcocystosis occur?
underdeveloped countries w/ poor hygiene
37
how is sarcocystosis transmitted? (2)
1. Ingestion of infected raw or undercooked beef or pork | 2. Ingestion of oocysts in human feces
38
how is sarcocystosis diagnosed?
Microscopic examination of feces for oocysts
39
how is sarcocystosis treated?
Antiparasitics
40
how is sarcocystosis controled and prevented? (3)
1. Good personal hygiene 2. Prevent contamination of livestock feed w/ human feces 3. Cook meat well
41
which parasite is blood born?
Babesia canis
42
how is babesia canis diagnosed? (2)
1. blood smear under high power magnification | 2. Ab test
43
what medical condition can babesia canis cause?
hemolytic anemia
44
how is babesia canis controlled? (2)
1. treat infected animals | 2. tick control
45
what is cryptosporidiosis?
disease caused by a protozoan parasite capable of infecting many animals
46
what is the causative organism of cryptosporidiosis?
Cryptosporidium parvum
47
what are the symptoms seen in human with cryptosporidiosis?
1. asymptomatic | 2. anorexia, nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps
48
what are the symptoms seen in animals with cryptosporidiosis?
watery diarrhea in calves 1-2 weeks old
49
what is the incubation period for cryptosporidiosis?
3 to 7 days
50
where do most infection of cryptosporidiosis occur?
1-4.5% of stool samples surveyed in the U.S. and Europe
51
how is cryptosporidiosis transmitted?
ingestion of oocysts passed in animal or human feces
52
how is cryptosporidiosis diagnosed?
1. Microscopic examination of feces for oocysts | 2. fecal antigen test
53
what antiparasitic is used to help treat cryptosporidiosis?
Nitazoxanide
54
how is cryptosporidiosis controled and prevented?
1. Good personal hygiene 2. Dispose of feces in a sanitary manner 3. Filter public water supplies
55
what human medical condition should avoid contact with infected people or animals?
Immunocompromised
56
what is toxoplasmosis?
Protozoal disease transmitted from cats to to humans
57
what is the causative organism or toxoplasmosis?
Toxoplasma gondii
58
what are the symptoms seen in human with toxoplasmosis? (4)
1. usually asymptomatic 2. fever, swollen lymph nodes 3. cardiac, pulmonary, and CNS dz. 4. birth defects
59
what are the symptoms seen in animals with toxoplasmosis?
1. usually subclinical | 2. abortion in sheep, pigs, and goats
60
what is the incubation period for toxoplasmosis?
1 to 4 weeks (average 7-14 days)
61
what human consideration are at a higher risk for mortality?
1. immunocompromised individuals 2. newborns 3. fetus
62
how is toxoplasmosis transmitted?
1. Ingestion of oocysts in cat feces | 2. Ingestion of cysts from infected meat
63
how is toxoplasmosis?
Serology
64
what is the treatment of toxoplasmosis?
Antiparasitics
65
how can toxoplasmosis be controlled and prevented?
1. Avoid contact w/ cat feces or contaminated soil | 2. Cook meat thoroughly
66
how long does it take for toxoplasmosis to be pathogenic aftering being passed in the feces?
4 hours

Clinical Pathology/Parasitology (13 decks)

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