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Clinical Pathology/Parasitology > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Isospora sp.

A

Coccidia

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2
Q

what portion of isospora/eimeria sp. are observed?

A

oocyst

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3
Q

what do isospora/eimeria oocys look like?

A

clear outer ring surrounding greyish center

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4
Q

what is the importance of isospora sp.?

A

diarrhea in puppies

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5
Q

how is isospora/eimeria sp. diagnosed?

A

Oocysts in feces

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6
Q

how is isospora/eimeria sp. controlled? (2)

A
  1. treat infected animals

2. remove feces

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7
Q

what species does isospora sp. affect? (3)

A

dogs
cats
swine

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8
Q

where do the adult isospora sp. live?

A

SI

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9
Q

what damage do isospora sp. cause in the SI as they reproduce?

A

destroy epithelial cells

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10
Q

what syptoms do isospora sp. cause?

A

bloody diarrhea

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11
Q

how is isospora sp. treated?

A

sulfonamide antibiotics

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12
Q

Eimeria spp.

A

Coccidia

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13
Q

what is the importance of eimeria sp.?

A

Diarrhea

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14
Q

how is eimeria sp. treated? (2)

A
  1. sufonamide antibiotics

2. amprolium

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15
Q

where does the motile form of giardia live?

A

small intestine

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16
Q

what form of giardia is motile?

A

Trophozoite

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17
Q

what can giardia cause?

A

diarrhea

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18
Q

how is giardia diagnosed?

A

fecal direct smear with iodine

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19
Q

how is giardia transmitted?

A

ingestion of contaminated feed or water

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20
Q

how is giardia treated?

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl®)

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21
Q

what else is available to help diagnose giardia?

A

Fecal antigen test

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22
Q

what are the signs of giardia in humans? (2)

A
  1. usually asymptomatic

2. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating

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23
Q

what are the signs of giardia in animals? (2)

A
  1. subclinical

2. diarrhea, wt. loss

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24
Q

what is the incubation time for giardia?

A

3 to 35 days

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25
Q

where do most infection of giradia occur?

A

developed countries

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26
Q

what is the rate of infection of giardia?

A

1-30% in surveyed stool samples

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27
Q

what is the disease caused by giardia?

A

giardiasis

28
Q

how can infection of giardia be prevented and controlled? (3)

A
  1. Personal hygiene
  2. Protect water supplies from contamination w/ feces
  3. Filter public water supplies
29
Q

how can contaminated water be treated in an emergency?

A

boil and add 2-4 drops of bleach or 10 drops 2% tincture of iodine to each liter of water (let sit for at least 20 mins.)

30
Q

what is sarcocystosis

A

Disease caused by a protozoan parasite found in beef or pork

31
Q

what is the organism that causes sarcocystosis?

A

Sarcocystis spp.

32
Q

which disease is caused by a protozoan parasite found in beef or pork?

A

sarcocystosis

33
Q

what are the symptoms of sarcocystosis in humans? (2)

A
  1. usually asymptomatic

2. nausea, diarrhea, discomfort

34
Q

what are the symptoms of sarcocystosis in animals?

A

Subclincal

35
Q

what is the incubation period for sarcocystosis?

A

2 weeks

36
Q

where do most infection of sarcocystosis occur?

A

underdeveloped countries w/ poor hygiene

37
Q

how is sarcocystosis transmitted? (2)

A
  1. Ingestion of infected raw or undercooked beef or pork

2. Ingestion of oocysts in human feces

38
Q

how is sarcocystosis diagnosed?

A

Microscopic examination of feces for oocysts

39
Q

how is sarcocystosis treated?

A

Antiparasitics

40
Q

how is sarcocystosis controled and prevented? (3)

A
  1. Good personal hygiene
  2. Prevent contamination of livestock feed w/ human feces
  3. Cook meat well
41
Q

which parasite is blood born?

A

Babesia canis

42
Q

how is babesia canis diagnosed? (2)

A
  1. blood smear under high power magnification

2. Ab test

43
Q

what medical condition can babesia canis cause?

A

hemolytic anemia

44
Q

how is babesia canis controlled? (2)

A
  1. treat infected animals

2. tick control

45
Q

what is cryptosporidiosis?

A

disease caused by a protozoan parasite capable of infecting many animals

46
Q

what is the causative organism of cryptosporidiosis?

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

47
Q

what are the symptoms seen in human with cryptosporidiosis?

A
  1. asymptomatic

2. anorexia, nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps

48
Q

what are the symptoms seen in animals with cryptosporidiosis?

A

watery diarrhea in calves 1-2 weeks old

49
Q

what is the incubation period for cryptosporidiosis?

A

3 to 7 days

50
Q

where do most infection of cryptosporidiosis occur?

A

1-4.5% of stool samples surveyed in the U.S. and Europe

51
Q

how is cryptosporidiosis transmitted?

A

ingestion of oocysts passed in animal or human feces

52
Q

how is cryptosporidiosis diagnosed?

A
  1. Microscopic examination of feces for oocysts

2. fecal antigen test

53
Q

what antiparasitic is used to help treat cryptosporidiosis?

A

Nitazoxanide

54
Q

how is cryptosporidiosis controled and prevented?

A
  1. Good personal hygiene
  2. Dispose of feces in a sanitary manner
  3. Filter public water supplies
55
Q

what human medical condition should avoid contact with infected people or animals?

A

Immunocompromised

56
Q

what is toxoplasmosis?

A

Protozoal disease transmitted from cats to to humans

57
Q

what is the causative organism or toxoplasmosis?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

58
Q

what are the symptoms seen in human with toxoplasmosis? (4)

A
  1. usually asymptomatic
  2. fever, swollen lymph nodes
  3. cardiac, pulmonary, and CNS dz.
  4. birth defects
59
Q

what are the symptoms seen in animals with toxoplasmosis?

A
  1. usually subclinical

2. abortion in sheep, pigs, and goats

60
Q

what is the incubation period for toxoplasmosis?

A

1 to 4 weeks (average 7-14 days)

61
Q

what human consideration are at a higher risk for mortality?

A
  1. immunocompromised individuals
  2. newborns
  3. fetus
62
Q

how is toxoplasmosis transmitted?

A
  1. Ingestion of oocysts in cat feces

2. Ingestion of cysts from infected meat

63
Q

how is toxoplasmosis?

A

Serology

64
Q

what is the treatment of toxoplasmosis?

A

Antiparasitics

65
Q

how can toxoplasmosis be controlled and prevented?

A
  1. Avoid contact w/ cat feces or contaminated soil

2. Cook meat thoroughly

66
Q

how long does it take for toxoplasmosis to be pathogenic aftering being passed in the feces?

A

4 hours

Clinical Pathology/Parasitology (13 decks)

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