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Clinical Pathology/Parasitology > Nematodes > Flashcards

Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Ancylostoma caninum

A

Hook worm

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2
Q

Diagnosis of Ancylostoma caninum

A

fecal float

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3
Q

What do Ancylostoma caninum eggs look like?

A

Oval w/ thin shells and multiple cell clusters

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4
Q

Where do adult hook worms live?

A

The small intestines

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5
Q

How do hook worm larva infect newborns?

A

may go into muscle dormancy and infect through milk

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6
Q

How much daily blood loss can hook worms cause?

A

0.1 ml

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7
Q

Health concerns of hook worms (4)

A
  1. Anemia
  2. diarrhea
  3. malabsorption
  4. cutaneous larva migrans
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8
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans

A

Larva and penetrate the skin and migrate

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9
Q

Causative organisms of Cutaneous larva migrans (3)

A
  1. Ancylostoma spp.
  2. Uncinaria spp.
  3. Strongyloides stercolaris
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10
Q

What is another name for cutaneous larva migrans?

A

Creeping eruptions

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11
Q

Syndrome

A

clinical signs and symptoms accompanying a disease

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12
Q

Syndrome in human with cutaneous larva migrans

A

itchy, reddish, raised skin lesion that follows a serpentine pattern

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13
Q

Syndrome in animals with cutaneous larva migrans

A

anemia, diarrhea, malabsorption in puppies

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14
Q

Incubation period for cutaneous larva migrans?

A

2-3 days

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15
Q

where are cutaneous larva migrans most likely to be found?

A

Areas w/ warm moist climate and sandy soil

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16
Q

how are cutaneous larva migrans transmitted?

A

Skin contact w/ infective larva in soil contaminated w/ dog and cat feces

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17
Q

How are cutaneous larva migrans treated?

A
  1. Antiparasitics
  2. antipruritics
  3. antibiotics
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18
Q

what are some ways to control and prevent the transmission of cutaeous larva migrans? (3)

A
  1. Regular deworming of dogs and cats
  2. Prohibition of dogs and cats on playgrounds and beaches
  3. Wear protective clothing when in contact with potentially contaminated soil
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19
Q

what are the 4 hook worm species?

A
  1. Ancylostoma caninum
  2. Ancylostoma tubaeforme
  3. Ancylostoma brazilienze
  4. Uncinaria stenocephala
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20
Q

which hook worm are more prevelent in the PNW? Warmer climates?

A

PNW - Uncinaria

Warmer climates - Ancylostoma

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21
Q

Toxocara canis

A

round worm (ascarid)

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22
Q

what is the appearence toxocara canis eggs?

A

round w/ a thick, pitted shell

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23
Q

other than GI where can toxocara canis travel?

A
  1. Uterine

2. Mammary

24
Q

What is the leading cause of death in pups due to toxocara canis?

A

migration of larva to the lungs

25
Q

what are health concerns with toxocar canins? (3)

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Vomiting
  3. visceral larva migrans
26
Q

what damage can be cause by visceral larva migrans

A

Damage to the body’s internal organs caused by a migrating roundworm larva

27
Q

Causative parasites of visceral larva migrans

A
  1. Toxocara canis
  2. Toxocara cati
  3. Baylisascaris procyonis
28
Q

the syndrome in humans with visceral larva migrans

A

asymptomatic or mild signs fever, cough, skin rash, abdominal pain, CNS abnormalities, ocular dz.

29
Q

what is the diagnosis for visceral larva migrans?

A
  1. CBC
  2. serology
  3. ELISA test
30
Q

what are the 4 round worm species?

A
  1. toxocara canins
  2. toxocara cati
  3. toxoscaris leonina
  4. baylisascaris procyonis
31
Q

Trichuris vulpis

A

whipworm

32
Q

what is the appearence of the trichuris vulpis eggs?

A

barrel-shaped w/ transparent plugs at each end

33
Q

where do the adult whipworms like to live in the host?

A

the large intestine (cecum and Colon)

34
Q

why are tricuris vulpis infestations hard to treat? (2)

A
  1. they are sporadic egg shedders

2. hang out in the colon and may not come into contact with paracitic meds

35
Q

Dirofilaria immitis

A

heartworm

36
Q

where to Dirofilaria immitis like to live in the host?

A

right side of the heart

37
Q

what can cause a false negative on heart worm test?

A

few females present

38
Q

what are some ways to test for microfilaria in the blood? (4)

A
  1. blood smear
  2. microhematocrit tube
  3. Knott’s test
  4. filter test
39
Q

what are some other ways to test for heart worm? (2)

A
  1. antigen test

2. antibody test

40
Q

Strongylus vulgaris

A

large strongyles

41
Q

what is the appearence of Strongylus vulgaris eggs?

A

oval w/ thin shell and a multiple- cell cluster in the center

42
Q

where do Strongylus vulgaris migrate in the host? what can be the cause of this migration?

A
  • migrate through wall of the cranial mesenteric artery

- Death

43
Q

Oxyuris equi

A

pin worm

44
Q

what is the appearence of Oxyuris equi eggs?

A

oval w/ a transparent plug at one pole

45
Q

where do pin worms like to lay their eggs?

A

around the rectum

46
Q

Ostertagia ostertagi

A

stomach worm

47
Q

what are some ways to diagnose Oxyuris equi? (2)

A
  1. Baerman

2. scotch tape on the sides of the rectum

48
Q

what is the appearence of Ostertagia ostertagi eggs?

A

typical strongyle eggs

49
Q

where do the adult Ostertagia ostertagi like to live in the host?

A

Abomasum

50
Q

what is the causative organism for trichinosis?

A

Trichinella spiralis

51
Q

how is tricinosis aquired?

A

eating inadequately cooked infected meat

52
Q

what is the Incubation period for tricinosis?

A

5 to 15 days

53
Q

how is tricinosis diagnosed?

A
  1. Syndrome
  2. serology
  3. muscle biopsy
54
Q

how is tricinosis treated? (2)

A
  1. Antiparasitics

2. antiinflammatories

55
Q

how can you control or prevent tricinosis? (3)

A
  1. Cook meat well or freeze it (for at least 20 days) before eating
  2. Cook garbage fed to swine
  3. Control rodents in swine rearing operations
56
Q

what is the syndrome for trichinosis in humans?

A
  1. asymptomatic
  2. mild fever, muscle pain, swollen eyelids
  3. diarrhea, ocular pain and hemorrhage, CNS and cardiac abnormalities

Clinical Pathology/Parasitology (13 decks)

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