Immune system Flashcards
what does the immune system do?
Eliminates foreign substances introduced into the body
what is the intention of the immune system?
to prevent the harmful effects caused by foreign substances
what some foreign substances include? (6)
Bacteria, viruses, toxins, transplanted tissue, pollen, food proteins
what are the components of the immune system? (2)
- Nonspecific immune system
2. Specific immune system
what does the nonspecific immune system do?
Prevents initial invasion by the antigen
what are some ways the nonspecific immune system works? (2)
- Physical barriers
2. Phagocytosis
what are the types of specific immune systems?
Humoral immune system
cell-mediated immune response
Humoral immunity is…
Involves the production of Ag-specific antibody by B-lymphocytes
what are the antibody classes? (5)
IgG IgM IgA IgE IgD
what do antibodies do?
Antibodies remove extracellular Ag’s
what does cell mediated immune response involve?
Involves the production on Ag-specific T-lymphs
what are cytotoxic cells?
cells that destroy Ag-infected cells
what is immunization?
The administration of an Ag to induce resistance to infection
how can immunization be achieved? (2)
- Exposure to infectious disease
2. Vaccination
what are some forms of vaccines? (3)
- Killed/Inactivated
- Modified Live/Attenuated
- Recombinant/Genetically Engineered
how can temporary immunization be achieved?
antibody administration
what are some forms of temporary immunization?
- Passive immunity
2. Immunoglobulin injection
passive immunity is…
Colostrum
immunoglobulin is…
Preformed antibodies made in a laboratory
what are some immune system diseases? (3)
- Anaphylaxis (Allergies)
- Autoimmune diseases
- Immunodeficiency
how does anaphylaxis occur?
Binding of an Ag to IgE covered mast cells or basophils leading to the release of chemical mediators
what are some examples of Ag that cause anaphylaxis? (6)
vaccines, drugs, pollens/molds, food ingredients, insect bites
what are some clinical signs of anaphylaxis?
Shock, hives, nasal/ocular discharge, asthma, vomiting, diarrhea, dermatitis
what is autoimmune disease?
Antibodies fighting against the animal’s own normal cells are formed causing their destruction
what are some examples of autoimmune disease? (4)
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)
- Autoimmune thrombocytopenia
- Pemphigus
- Myasthenia gravis
what is immunodeficiency?
Lack of the immune system components necessary to provide immunity
what are most immune system diagnostic test based on?
the humoral immune system’s response to Ag
what is serology?
Serology the science of detection and measurement of Ab’s or Ag’s
what do serologic test do?
makes the Ag/Ab reaction visible to the naked eye if the sample is positive
what are the types of serology tests? (3)
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
- Latex Agglutination
- Immunodifusion
what are serology tests based on?
Based on antibody-antigen interaction
what does the heart worm test detect?
Dirofilaria immitis antigen in feline and canine whole blood, serum, or plasma
what is the enzyme immunoassay?
conjugate reacts with reagents in the test device
What can the color change on the device mean?
Color development in the antigen spot is proportional to amount of antigen in blood
Why should we vaccinate? (4)
Fatal disease
Zoonotic disease
Limited treatment options
Economics
Immunity is…
a body’s protection against disease
Antibodies are…
protein produced by lymphocytes
what do antibodies neutralize?
antigens
Antigen – antibody generating protein-identifier – foreign/self
what does the immune system consist of?
Leukocytes and Lymphocytes
