Estrous cycle

Question 1

reproductive cycle is…

Answer 1

regularly occurring periods during which the female is sexually active and receptive, separated by periods in which there is no sexual activity

Question 2

what is the reproductive cycle controlled by?

Answer 2

hormones

Question 3

what is the normal number of estrous cycle for dogs?

what can cause this to differ?

Answer 3

twice a year

breed and individual dogs

Question 4

what are the stages of the estrous cycle? (4)

Answer 4

1. Proestrus
2. Estrus
3. Diestrus
4. Anestrus

Question 5

what is the average length of time for proestrus?

Answer 5

9 days

Question 6

what hormone change will be seen in proestrus?

Answer 6

high estrogen levels

Question 7

what physical signs are seen in proestrus?

Answer 7

Bloody discharge, firm/swollen vulva, attracts males, won’t accept mating

Question 8

what is the average length of time for estrus?

Answer 8

9 days

Question 9

what hormone changes are seen during estrus? (3)

Answer 9

1. Luteinizing hormone surge
2. increasing progesterone
3. decreasing estrogen

Question 10

what can happen to the cervix during proestrus?

Answer 10

may open a little

Question 11

what physical changes happen during estrus?

Answer 11

Swollen vulva softens, bitch will stand to be bred

Question 12

which stage does ovulation occur?

Answer 12

estrus

Question 13

how long is diestrus?

Answer 13

2 months

Question 14

what hormonal changes are seen during diestrus?

Answer 14

High progesterone

Question 15

how long can sperm survive in the uterus?

Answer 15

72 hours

Question 16

how long is anestrus?

Answer 16

2-10 months

No indication of reproductive activity

Question 17

what hormonal changes happen during anestrus? (2)

Answer 17

Low progesterone and low estrogen

Question 18

which stage of estrous will the bitch not allow the male to mount?

Answer 18

diestrus

Question 19

which stage of estrous is there no indication of reproductive activity?

Answer 19

anestrus

Question 20

what can predicting the time of estrus increase?

Answer 20

the chance of pregnancy conception

Question 21

how can a vaginal cytology be useful?

Answer 21

can help predict estrus

Question 22

what lines the reproductive tract?

what do they respond to?

Answer 22

epithelial cells

ovarian hormones

Question 23

what are the epithelial cell seen in the reproductive tract?

Answer 23

Basal cell
Parabasal
Intermediate
Superficial (cornified)

Question 24

what are some ways a superficial cell can appear?

Answer 24

With nucleus
Nucleus disappearing
No nucleus

Question 25

which epithelial cells are seen during early proestrus?

which ones will take their place during late proestrus?

Answer 25

Parabasal and intermediate cells

increasing #’s of superficial/cornified

Question 26

what other cells can be seen during proestrus?

Answer 26

Some neutrophils and RBC’s

Question 27

what epithelial cells are seen during estrus?

Answer 27

> 90% superficial epithelial cells

Question 28

which phase are neutrophils not present?

Answer 28

estrus

Question 29

what happens to the RBC during estrus?

Answer 29

decrease

Question 30

which epithelial cell are seen in anestrus?

Answer 30

parabasal and intermediate cells

Question 31

what epithelial cells are seen during diestrus?

Answer 31

Increasing # of parabasal and intermediate cells

decreasing # of superficial cells

Question 32

what other cells are seen during anestrus?

Answer 32

possible neutrophils

Question 33

what other cells are seen during diestrus?

Answer 33

Some neutrophils

Question 34

when do progesterone levels rise?

Answer 34

Serum progesterone levels rise 2-3 days before ovulation

Question 35

what are the progesterone levels?

Answer 35

1-1.9 ng/ml ovulation in 2 days
2-3.9 ng/ml ovulation in 1 day
4-10 ng/ml ovulation the same day