Protocols 11

Question 1

TCP/ IP

Answer 1

TCP/ IP

Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol are used together as the basic communication language of the internet. Data sent over the internet is broken up into “data packets” so that it can be sent more efficiently. Each packet is sent individually and then reassembled at the destination.

TCP is used to create the data packets and reassemble them at the end

IP is used to route the packets using the best route to the intended device using the IP address.

Question 2

Email

Answer 2

Email

SMTP- the simple mail transfer protocol is used to transfer emails between mail servers. It is also used to transfer emails from the client software to the outgoing mail server.

POP3- is used to retrieve emails from the mail server. It allows us to download messages to our client software so that we can read them later.

IMAP- used to retrieve emails from the server. Rather than downloading the messages, IMAP syncs them with the mail server.

Question 3

Voice and Video Calls

Answer 3

H.323- this was the first successful VOIP protocols which defines the rules for communicating over audio and video over packet switched networks.

SIP- The session initiation protocol is used to create, control and end VOIP connections.

RTP- Real-time Transport Protocol is designed to transfer audio and video over IP based networks

Question 4

Web Pages

Answer 4

HTTP- is used to allow web servers and browsers to transfer files over the internet. It is how we access the world wide web. It is not secure, and data sent across these connections are not private/ encrypted.

HTTPS- This is a secure version of the HTTP. It uses public key cryptography to encrypt communications between a web browser and the server. E.g. all credit card and customer data being submitted via Amazon.co.uk when paying for goods will be encrypted before it leaves your home network and reaches the Amazon server where they will process and store the details. So, anyone who intercepts these details will not be able to read the data.

FTP- File Transfer Protocol is used to transfer files over a network. It is the technology used to upload files to a server as well as download large files. An example is saving your schoolwork to your school account from home and accessing in school.

Question 5

Security

Answer 5

SSL/TLS- Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security are used to ensure transactions over the networks are kept safe.