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BI158L > Protists > Flashcards

Protists Flashcards

1
Q

What are single-celled eukaryotes referred to as?

A

protists

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2
Q

Why does the grouping of protists not make sense? (2)

A

they are not monophyletic

the are not evolutionarily a single group

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3
Q

What four supergroups of eukaryotes are there?

A

Sar clade
escavata
archiplastida
unikonta

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4
Q

What is found in excavata?

A

diplomonads
parabasalids
euglenozoans

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5
Q

What do excavata organisms share?

A

DNA and RNA sequences

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6
Q

What characteristics do diplomonads and prabasalids share? (4)

A

reduced mitochondria

lack of plastids

mostly parasitic

tend to live in anaerobic environment

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7
Q

What do euglenozoans possess, and characteristics? (5)

A

flagella with an internal spiral or crystalline structure

possessing of plastid

unicellular

make or take food

one flagellum

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8
Q

What is a plastid?

A

individual cyanobacterial and algal cells that have become incorporated in the euglenozoan

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9
Q

What do algal plastid allow euglenoids to do?

A

photosynthesize

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10
Q

What features do SAR clade share

A

DNA

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11
Q

What is in the SAR clade?

A

stramenopiles, alveolates, and rhizarians

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12
Q

What do stramenopiles include?

A

diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae

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13
Q

What traits do stramenopiles have?

A

2 flagellae, one smooth, one furry

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14
Q

what are diatoms? (2)

A

unicellular photosynthetic algae in glass boxes made of SiO2

found in fres and salt water

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15
Q

what is golden algae? (4)

A

unicellular

photosyntheisize

found in marine and freshwater

yellow and brown carotenoid

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16
Q

What is brown algae? (2)

A

seaweed and kelp

multicellular

17
Q

What four things do alveolates possess, where do they live, and what do they include, and what can they cause

A

possession of alveolae- membrane-bound sacs found in the plasma membrane

mitochondria with internal tubes

include dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, ciliates

cellulose cell wall

2 flagella

marine

causes red tides

18
Q

What are apicomplexans?

A

parasitic organisms, example- malaria

19
Q

dinoflagellates (3)

A

unicellular

takes food

two flagella

20
Q

what two things do ciliates possess, where are they found, and an example?

A

possession of cilia

2 nuclei- macro and micronucleus

freshwater

ex- paramecium

21
Q

what is cilia? (2)

A

cellular organelles, short and grouped to function

used for locomotion to cruise

22
Q

What are rhizarians? (2)

A

capable of amoeboid movement, pseudopodia

includes forams, cercozoans, and radiolarians

23
Q

What are forams? (2)

A

lived in ancient times

left calcium carbonate tests-shells, that make up limestone

24
Q

Where are cercozoans found, and what do they do?

A

found in freshwater, salt water, and soil

able to engulf bacteria and protists

25
Q

What are radiolarians? (2)

A

have tests and pseudopdia with SiO2 tests

forms radiolarian ooze

26
Q

What do archiplastida include?

A

red algae, chlorophytes, charophytes, and land plants

27
Q

Red algae (3)

A

have phycoerythrin pigment

require current to bring gametes together

nori

28
Q

chlorophytes and charophytes (2)

A

green algae

fresh, but some like in marine

29
Q

charophyte (3)

A

closest living relative to plants

share enzymes with plants

has calcium carbonate in cell walls

30
Q

unikonta characteristics

A

myosin- muscle proteins

amoebozonas and opisthokonts

31
Q

amoebozoans (2)

A

move through pseudopodia- lobee and tubular

slime molds, tubulinids, entamoebas

32
Q

slime molds (2)

A

produce sporangia for reproduction

group together and function as a single multicellular unit during food shortage

33
Q

tubulinids (4)

A

amoebae with lobular pseudopodia

uses muscle fibers to move

changes from liquid to jelly tate to move

heterotrophs

34
Q

entamoebas (2)

A

parasitic

unicellular

35
Q

opisthokonts (3)

A

have internal walls in mitochondria that is flat

flagellated cells with a single flagellum

contains nuclearids, fungi, choanoflagellates, and animalia

36
Q

nucleariids (4)

A

unicellular

thread-like pseudopodia

similar DNA to fungi

moist soil and freshwater

37
Q

Choanoflagellates (4)

A

unicellular colonial protists

similar to sponges with similar proteins to hold cells together

found in sea nd freshwater

filterfeeders

BI158L (19 decks)

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