Archaeplastida

Question 1

What is included in Archaeplastida?

Answer 1

green algae and land plants.

Question 2

What are Embryophyta, what did they evolve from, and why are they called that?

Answer 2

land plants

evolved from a green algae

sporophyte begins its development as an embryo inside tissue of parent gametophyte

Question 3

What are metaphytes?

Answer 3

“multicellular plant”

Question 4

What did the ancestor of land plants develop? (5)

Answer 4

waxy cuticle on outside of the cells

gametangia (structures where gametes are formed)

multicellular embryos

dominant gametophyte generation

nonvascular

Question 5

Male vs female gametangia

Answer 5

male- antheridia

female- archigonia

Question 6

what are bryophyte, and what kind of group are they?

Answer 6

nonvascular plants

paraphyletic

Question 7

In what order did bryophytes evolve?

Answer 7

liverworts, then moss, then hornworts

Question 8

How did liverworts get their name, and what do their gametophytes produce?

Answer 8

liver-shaped gametophyte

structures that look like tiny palm trees, with sporophytes under the “fronds”

Question 9

what is the gametophyte and sporophyte structure of mosses?

Answer 9

the leafy structure is the gametophyte, and sporophyte grows on the tip in a darker color

Question 10

How did hornworts get their name, and how do sporophytes release seeds?

Answer 10

horn-like sporophyte

released from horns by splitting open

Question 11

What plant evolved to have vascular tissues, and what did they rise into?

Answer 11

plant similar to hornworts

vascular seedless plants

Question 12

how do xylem and phloem differ?

Answer 12

xylem carries water and mineral

phloem carries sugars, amino acids, and other organic nutrients

Question 13

what is the one species of club moss on Guam?

Answer 13

Lycopodium

wolf’s foot

Question 14

What dominates fern alternation of generation?

Answer 14

sporophyte

Question 15

What is sori?

Answer 15

fern sporophytes carrying spores in sporangia

Question 16

What are megaphylls?

Answer 16

fern leaves with vascular tissue branching

Question 17

what are epiphytes?

Answer 17

plants living on other plants

Question 18

where are ferns found on Guam?

Answer 18

as epiphytes, shaded areas, and open grassland

Question 19

What kind of group are vascular seed plants, and what are they split into?

Answer 19

monophyletic

gymnosperm and angiosperm

Question 20

Whay do gymnosperms include?

Answer 20

cycads, ginkgos, conifers, and Gnetophytes

Question 21

What gymnosperms are found on Guam?

Answer 21

a native cycad, ornamental cycad, introduced ginkgo, no conifers

Question 22

what are dioecious plants?

Answer 22

male plants are seperate from female plants

Question 23

how do female and male cycads differ?

Answer 23

female- produce seeds in cone like structure

male- produce pollen in cone like structure

Question 24

what do cycads have?

Answer 24

compound leaves

Question 25

why aren’t cycads common on guam?

Answer 25

due to invasive insects

Question 26

what happens when cycad pollen lands on a female cone?

Answer 26

pollen grows a tube and develops into a sperm cell

Question 27

are cycads palms?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

What is unique about ginkgos?

Answer 28

flagellated sperm

stinky fruits

Question 29

what are conifers? (4)

Answer 29

woody

monoecious

produces seed and pollen in cones called strobili

evergreen

Question 30

What are gnetophytes, and why are they grouped together?

Answer 30

3 different genera

grouped due to molecular evidence

Question 31

What are 6 characteristics of monocots

Answer 31

one cotyledon

parallel veins

scattered vascular tissue

fibrous root with no main root

one opening in pollen grain

organs in multiples of 3

Question 32

what are 6 characteristics of eudicots?

Answer 32

2 cotyledons

netlike veins

ringed vascular tissue

taproot present

3 opening in pollen grain

organs multiples of four or five