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BI158L > Prokaryotes and Bacteria > Flashcards

Prokaryotes and Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What must cells have to function? (3)

A

Cell membranes (to separate content from environment)

Must have DNA, RNA< and ribosomes to reproduce and make protein

internal skeletons to give shapes and movement

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2
Q

How do prokaryotic cells differ?

A

although they possess subcellular components, they do not have membrane-bound organelles

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3
Q

What organelles are found in eukaryotes? (4)

A

Nuclei

Mitochondria

Golgi apparati

endoplasmic reticula

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4
Q

What do bacteria possess? (3)

A

Complex cell capsules made of protein and sugar

Occasionally lipids

Sometimes flagella

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5
Q

What domains are prokaryotes in?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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6
Q

What is under the Domain Bacteria? (5)

A

Proteobacteria, Chlamydia, Spirochetes, Cynaobacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria

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7
Q

What is under the Domain Archaea? (5)

A

prokaryotes closely related to eukaryotes

Korarchaeotes

Euryarchaeotes

Crenarchaeotes

Nanoarchaeotes

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8
Q

What shapes do bacteria have?

A

Spherical, rods, and spirals

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8
Q

What term are spherical bacteria>

A

cocci

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9
Q

What term are rod-shaped bacteria?

A

bacilli

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10
Q

What term are spiral-shaped bacteria?

A

vibrio (commas)

Spirilla (spirals)

spirochaetes (light coiled spirals)

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11
Q

What are gram-positive bacteria?

A

Possess cell capsule with thick layer of peptidoglycan (proteins and sugars), that stain dark-purple

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12
Q

What are gram-negative bacteria?

A

2 part cell capsule- inner part is a thin coat of peptidoglycan, surrounded by lipopolysaccharide

stain a light-pink

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13
Q

Gloeotrichia classification, what do they form, where do they live, what shape, and what do they do for the environment (5)

A

Cyanobacteria

form colonies of filaments

live in freshwater

spherical

Fix nitrogen

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14
Q

Nostoc type of bacteria, what do they form, what can they provide for humans, shape, and where are they found

A

Cyanobacteria

forms colonies of filaments that form into balls and sheets

edible, but some are toxic

spherical

Moist environment, but not marine

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15
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis where are they found, what do they need, staining type, shape

A

can’t live outside of a host

demands oxygen, found in lungs

gram-negative

rod shaped

16
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae classification, disease it causes, where does it occur and found, staining pattern, shape

A

Gamma Proteobacteria

causes pneumonia, meningitis, UTI, infections

occurs naturally in soil, found in mouth and skin

gram-negative

rod-shaped

17
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae classification, what does it cause, what environment does it exist in, staining type, how does it move, and shape

A

Beta Proteobacteria

Causes UTI and infection around skin, eyes, throat, and anus

prefers low oxygen, high CO2

gram negative

has fibriae to move

spherical

18
Q

Proteus vulgaris classification, staining pattern, where does it live, what does it cause, and shape

A

Gamma proteoBacteria

gram negative

free-living, can be found in gastrointestinal tract

causes UTI

rod-shaped

19
Q

Bacillus staining type, shape, what does it require, and what can it be used for

A

gram-positive

rod-shaped

some require O2, some don’t

Enzymes it produces used for corn and cotton GMO to build resistance to insects

20
Q

Pseudomonas classification, staining type, what is it used for, how do they get nutrients, shape

A

Gamma Proteobacteria

gram-negative

used for rice and wheat to prevent other microbes

most are photosynthetic

rod-shaped

21
Q

Spirillum volutans classification, staining type, where does it live, what does it need, and shape

A

Beta Proteobacteria

gram-negative

fresh water

grows in O2

spiral

22
Q

staphylococcus staining type, where is it found, and what is it’s shape

A

gram-positive

found in soil, skin, and mucous membranes of birds and mammals

spherical

23
Q

Types of streaking

A

quadrant

continuous

radiant

24
Q

Review Parts of microscope (12)

A

Tube

ocular

revolving nosepiece

objective

stage

stage clip

condenser

light source

arm

coarse focus

fine focus

base

BI158L (19 decks)

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