PROTISTS

Question 1

relationship between two species, one lives inside a host organism

Answer 1

endosymbiosis

Question 2

mitochondria and plastids are derived from ______

Answer 2

prokaryotes

Question 3

evidence supporting endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and plastids

Answer 3

• inner membranes and ribosomes similar to prokaryotes
• division and DNA similar to prokary.
• transcribe and translate their own DNA

Question 4

trophs included under protists…

Answer 4

photoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs, mixotrophs

Question 5

• light and carbon dioxide via photosynthesis

Answer 5

Photoautotrophs

Question 6

chemoheterotrophs

Answer 6

absorb organic material/larger food

Question 7

mixotrophs

Answer 7

combination of photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition

Question 8

serial endosymbiosis

Answer 8

• evolution of mitochondria before plastids through sequence of endosymbiotic events
• merging of archaea bacteria and eukaryotic bacteria

Question 9

red and green algae underwent…

Answer 9

secondary endosymbiosis; ingested by a heterotrophic eukaryote

Question 10

Which clade ?
- diplomonads
- parabasalids
- euglenozoans

Answer 10

Excavata clade

Question 11

• Reduced mitochondria (mitosomes)
• energy from anaerobic biochemical pathways
• two equal sized nuclei
• multiple flagella
  -often parasites

Answer 11

Diplomonads

Question 12

parabasalids

Answer 12

• reduced mitochondria = hydrogenosomes

(Generate energy anaerobically)

Question 13

diplomonads and parabasalids both share the fact that…

Answer 13

• lack plastids
• modified mitochondria
• MOST live in anaerobic environments

Question 14

euglenozoans

Answer 14

includes:
- predatory HETEROtrophs
- photosynthetic AUTOtrophs
- mixotrophs
- parasites

Question 15

euglenozoans distinguishing feature

Answer 15

a spiral or crystalline rod inside their flagella

Question 16

euglenozoans clade includes (two)…

Answer 16

kinetoplastids and euglenids

Question 17

• one single mitochondria
• kinetoplast (organized mass of DNA)
• ex: trypanaosoma

Answer 17

Kinetoplasts

Question 18

euglenids

Answer 18

• one or two flagella emerging from pocket from one end of cell
• some can be both AUTOtrophic and HETEROtrophic

Question 19

SAR clade

Answer 19

• Stramenopiles
• Alveolites
• Rhizarians

Question 20

stramenopiles

Answer 20

both a hairy and smooth flagellum

Question 21

(stramenopiles) Diatoms

Answer 21

• unicellular and glass-like wall made of silicon dioxide
• major component of phytoplankton
• triangle looking mfs

Question 22

(stramenopiles) Golden Algae

Answer 22

• yellow and brown carotenoids
• Biflagellated, both near one end
• ALL are photosynthetic, SOME are mixotrophs
• MOST are unicellular, but some are colonial

Question 23

(stramenopiles) Brown Algae

Answer 23

• largest and most complex algae
• ALL are multicellular and most marine
• include seaweed
• analogous features between brown algae and plants through convergent evolution

Question 24

Alveolites

Answer 24

have membrane enclosed sacs under plasma membrane

Question 25

Dinoflagellates

Answer 25

• 2 flagella
  includes:
• aquatic phototrophs
• mixotrophs
• heterotrophs
• cause red tides
• cells reinforced by cellulose plates

Question 26

Apicomplexans

Answer 26

• animal parasites and some cause human disease
• spread through host as infectious cells (sporozoites)
• apicomplexan Plasmodium is the parasite that causes malaria