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BIO1108k > practical 2 study guide > Flashcards

practical 2 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

general traits of fungi:

A
  • chemoheterotrophs (by absorption)
  • decomposers & symbiotic
  • use enzymes to breakdown complex molecules
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2
Q

5 major fungal groups

A
  • chytrids (chytridiomycota)
  • zoo-pago-mycota
  • mucoro-mycota
  • ascomycota
  • basidiomycota
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3
Q

______ is the mass of _____

A

mycelium, hyphae

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4
Q

(fungus/mold) penicillium looks like….

A

microscopic asparagus w/ small balls on the ends

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5
Q

(fungus) Rhizopus looks like…

A

tiny long skinny Japanese mushrooms

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6
Q

3 lichen forms and how they look:

A
  • crustose: crusty
  • foliose: frilly/lettuce
  • fruticose: looks like dry moss
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7
Q

gametophyte is the ____ stage

A

haploid

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8
Q

sporophyte is the ____ stage

A

diploid

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9
Q

gametophyte produced via ____

A

meiosis

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10
Q

sporophyte produced via

A

mitosis

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11
Q

gametophytes made by _____ of gametes

A

fertilization

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12
Q

sporophytes made by ____ of spores

A

germination

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13
Q

vascular plants

A
  • not water dependent
  • have an internal transport system
  • ferns, shrubs, trees, flowering plants
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14
Q

non-vascular plants

A
  • NEED water
  • no internal trans. system
  • moss, liverworts, hornworts
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15
Q

closest relative to land plants is

A

charophyte

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16
Q

plants overcame challenge to become land plants via

A

adaptive radiation

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17
Q

hepatophyta

A

liverwort

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18
Q

gymnosperms: cycadophyta

A

looks like a palm tree
- big seed on top

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19
Q

gymnosperms: ginkgophyta

A

aquared-heart shaped leaves
- only one species left

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20
Q

gymosperms: coniferophyta

A

pine tree w needles and cones

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21
Q

angiosperms: basal angio.

A

primitive flowering plants
lily pad flowers

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22
Q

angiosperms: magnoliids

A

southern magnolia

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23
Q

angio: eudicot

A
  • 2 cotyledon
  • veins are weblike
  • vasc. tissue is arranged in ring
  • flowers in multiples of 4/5
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24
Q

angio: monocot

A
  • 1 cotyledon
  • veins run parallel
  • vasc. tissue is scattered
  • flowers in multiples of 3
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25
Q

species richness

A

the amount(number) of diff. species present in an environment

26
Q

species evenness

A

how close in #s each species in an environment is

27
Q

phylum porifera

A

sponge
- sedentary w/ no true tissues
- suspension feeders

28
Q

phylum cnidaria

A

polyps and medusas
- radial symmetry
- 2 tissue layers
- tentacles and stinging cells
- carnivores

29
Q

phylum ctenophora

A

see through comb jellies, they look electric

30
Q

lophotrochozoans

A

phylums:
- platyhelminthes
- rotifera
- mollusca
- annelida

31
Q

lopho: phylum platy-helminthes

A
  • platy=flat, helminth=parasitic worm
  • SIMPLEST BILATERIANS
  • parasitic/freeliving
  • marine, fresh, and damp terrestrial
32
Q

lopho: phylum rotifera

A
  • fresh, ocean, damp soil
  • looks like a microscopic polyp w crown of cilia w anus, stomach, and jaws
  • lack males entirely (reproduce by PARTHENOGENESIS )
33
Q

lopho: phylum mollusca

A
  • muscular foot
  • RADULA: rasposa tongue-like to feed
34
Q

lopho: phylum annelida (traits)

A
  • segmentation
  • true coe-lom
  • hydrostatic skel.
  • closed circ. system
  • simple brain and ventral nerve cord
35
Q

ecdysozoans

A

phylums:
- nematoda
- arthropoda

36
Q

ecdyso: phylum nematoda

A
  • C. ELEGANS
  • round worms, threadlike
  • bilateral and eumetazoans: 3 tissue
  • complete dig. tract
37
Q

insects’ success is due to

A
  • waterproof cuticle
  • body segmentation
  • exoskeleton
  • jointed appendages
  • flight
  • complex life cycle, short gen. and large offspring #
38
Q

deuterostomes: phylum’s 2

A
  • echino(prickly)
    -dermata
  • chordata
39
Q

deutero: phylum echinodermata

A
  • sea stars
  • sea urchins
40
Q

chordata: 10= 2 subphy+8 class

A
  • subphy. URO-chordata
  • subphy. CEPHALO-chordata
    ——
  • class myxini
  • class PTERO-ZONTIDA
  • class chondrich-thyes
  • class ostiech-thyes
    ——
  • class amphibia
  • class Reptilia
  • class ave
  • class mammalia
41
Q

chordata: 2 subphylums

A
  • urochordata: tunicates
  • cephalochordata: lancelets
42
Q

chordata: 8 classes

A
  • myxini (hagfish)
  • ptero-zontida: (lamprey)
  • chondrich-thyes (sharks and rays)
  • ostiech-thyes (bony fish)
  • amphibia
  • reptilia
  • aves
  • mammalia
43
Q

kingdom animalia characteristics:

A
  • eukaryotes and multicellular
  • chemoheterotrophs (ingest)
  • lack cell walls
  • bodies held by collagen
  • tissues is unique characteristic
44
Q

lopho: platyhelminthes
class turbellaria

A
  • arrow head worm w penis
  • free living flatworms
  • freshwater
  • simple brain and nerve cord
45
Q

lopho: platyhelminthes
class cestoda

A
  • tapeworms
  • parasitic
  • absorb nutrients
  • ribbon/thread like
46
Q

lopho: platyhelminthes
class trematoda

A
  • flukes
  • parasitic flatworm
  • through contaminated water, spend time in a snail host
  • looks like squished pink worm
47
Q

lopho: phylum mollusca
class poly-placo-phora

A
  • marine, has multiple plates like armor
  • looks like bigger size armored rolypoly
48
Q

lopho: phylum mollusca
class cephalopods

A
  • octopuses and squid
  • brains and sophisticated organs
  • squid are fast w muscular siphon and jet propulsion
  • octopus prey on seafloor
49
Q

lopho: phylum mollusca
class bivalvia

A
  • clams, oysters, mussels, scallops
  • shells divided in 2 halves and hinged
  • suspension feeders
50
Q

lopho: phylum mollusca
class gastropoda

A
  • snails and slugs
  • fresh, salt, and terrestrial
  • only molluscs to live on land
  • sea slugs are colorful like cartoon slugterra
51
Q

lopho: phylum annelida
class oligo-chaeta

A
  • earthworms
  • ingest soil and aerate and improve texture
52
Q

lopho: phylum annelida
class poly-chaeta

A
  • largest group
  • LOOK LIKE MARINE millipedes
53
Q

lopho: phylum annelida
class hirun-dinea

A
  • leeches
  • free-living carnivores but some suck blood
  • up to 10x their own weight
54
Q

ecdyso: phylum arthropoda
suphylum chelicerata

A
  • arachnids and horseshoe crab
  • most terrestrial
55
Q

ecdyso: phylum arthropoda
subphylum myriapoda

A
  • millipedes herbivores 2 pairs per segment
  • centipedes carnivores 1 pair per segment
56
Q

ecdyso: phylum arthropoda
subphy. crustacea

A
  • nearly ALL AQUATIC,
    ONE TERRESTRIAL(ISOPODS: pill bug, rolypoly)
  • crabs, shrimp, barnacles
57
Q

ecdyso: phylum arthropoda
subphy. hexapoda

A
  • class insecta
  • most succesful on earth
  • head, thorax, 3 pairs of legs and wings
58
Q

shanon-wiener diversity index formula

A

H = - E Pi(ln(Pi))
Pi= species 1
turtles1: 40
turtles2: 10
40/50 = Pi

59
Q

Platyhelminthes: classes 3

A
  • turbelleria
  • cestoda
  • trematoda
60
Q

Mitosis result in ____ cells

A

Diploid

61
Q

Meiosis result in _____ cells

A

Haploid

BIO1108k (5 decks)

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