practical 2 study guide Flashcards
1
Q
general traits of fungi:
A
- chemoheterotrophs (by absorption)
- decomposers & symbiotic
- use enzymes to breakdown complex molecules
2
Q
5 major fungal groups
A
- chytrids (chytridiomycota)
- zoo-pago-mycota
- mucoro-mycota
- ascomycota
- basidiomycota
3
Q
______ is the mass of _____
A
mycelium, hyphae
4
Q
(fungus/mold) penicillium looks like….
A
microscopic asparagus w/ small balls on the ends
5
Q
(fungus) Rhizopus looks like…
A
tiny long skinny Japanese mushrooms
6
Q
3 lichen forms and how they look:
A
- crustose: crusty
- foliose: frilly/lettuce
- fruticose: looks like dry moss
7
Q
gametophyte is the ____ stage
A
haploid
8
Q
sporophyte is the ____ stage
A
diploid
9
Q
gametophyte produced via ____
A
meiosis
10
Q
sporophyte produced via
A
mitosis
11
Q
gametophytes made by _____ of gametes
A
fertilization
12
Q
sporophytes made by ____ of spores
A
germination
13
Q
vascular plants
A
- not water dependent
- have an internal transport system
- ferns, shrubs, trees, flowering plants
14
Q
non-vascular plants
A
- NEED water
- no internal trans. system
- moss, liverworts, hornworts
15
Q
closest relative to land plants is
A
charophyte
16
Q
plants overcame challenge to become land plants via
A
adaptive radiation
17
Q
hepatophyta
A
liverwort
18
Q
gymnosperms: cycadophyta
A
looks like a palm tree
- big seed on top
19
Q
gymnosperms: ginkgophyta
A
aquared-heart shaped leaves
- only one species left
20
Q
gymosperms: coniferophyta
A
pine tree w needles and cones
21
Q
angiosperms: basal angio.
A
primitive flowering plants
lily pad flowers
22
Q
angiosperms: magnoliids
A
southern magnolia
23
Q
angio: eudicot
A
- 2 cotyledon
- veins are weblike
- vasc. tissue is arranged in ring
- flowers in multiples of 4/5
24
Q
angio: monocot
A
- 1 cotyledon
- veins run parallel
- vasc. tissue is scattered
- flowers in multiples of 3
25
species richness
the amount(number) of diff. species present in an environment
26
species evenness
how close in #s each species in an environment is
27
phylum porifera
sponge
- sedentary w/ no true tissues
- suspension feeders
28
phylum cnidaria
polyps and medusas
- radial symmetry
- 2 tissue layers
- tentacles and stinging cells
- carnivores
29
phylum ctenophora
see through comb jellies, they look electric
30
lophotrochozoans
phylums:
- platyhelminthes
- rotifera
- mollusca
- annelida
31
lopho: phylum platy-helminthes
- platy=flat, helminth=parasitic worm
- SIMPLEST BILATERIANS
- parasitic/freeliving
- marine, fresh, and damp terrestrial
32
lopho: phylum rotifera
- fresh, ocean, damp soil
- looks like a microscopic polyp w crown of cilia w anus, stomach, and jaws
- lack males entirely (reproduce by PARTHENOGENESIS )
33
lopho: phylum mollusca
- muscular foot
- RADULA: rasposa tongue-like to feed
34
lopho: phylum annelida (traits)
- segmentation
- true coe-lom
- hydrostatic skel.
- closed circ. system
- simple brain and ventral nerve cord
35
ecdysozoans
phylums:
- nematoda
- arthropoda
36
ecdyso: phylum nematoda
- C. ELEGANS
- round worms, threadlike
- bilateral and eumetazoans: 3 tissue
- complete dig. tract
37
insects' success is due to
- waterproof cuticle
- body segmentation
- exoskeleton
- jointed appendages
- flight
- complex life cycle, short gen. and large offspring #
38
deuterostomes: phylum’s 2
- echino(prickly)
-dermata
- chordata
39
deutero: phylum echinodermata
- sea stars
- sea urchins
40
chordata: 10= 2 subphy+8 class
- subphy. URO-chordata
- subphy. CEPHALO-chordata
——
- class myxini
- class PTERO-ZONTIDA
- class chondrich-thyes
- class ostiech-thyes
——
- class amphibia
- class Reptilia
- class ave
- class mammalia
41
chordata: 2 subphylums
- urochordata: tunicates
- cephalochordata: lancelets
42
chordata: 8 classes
- myxini (hagfish)
- ptero-zontida: (lamprey)
- chondrich-thyes (sharks and rays)
- ostiech-thyes (bony fish)
- amphibia
- reptilia
- aves
- mammalia
43
kingdom animalia characteristics:
- eukaryotes and multicellular
- chemoheterotrophs (ingest)
- lack cell walls
- bodies held by collagen
- tissues is unique characteristic
44
lopho: platyhelminthes
class turbellaria
- arrow head worm w penis
- free living flatworms
- freshwater
- simple brain and nerve cord
45
lopho: platyhelminthes
class cestoda
- tapeworms
- parasitic
- absorb nutrients
- ribbon/thread like
46
lopho: platyhelminthes
class trematoda
- flukes
- parasitic flatworm
- through contaminated water, spend time in a snail host
- looks like squished pink worm
47
lopho: phylum mollusca
class poly-placo-phora
- marine, has multiple plates like armor
- looks like bigger size armored rolypoly
48
lopho: phylum mollusca
class cephalopods
- octopuses and squid
- brains and sophisticated organs
- squid are fast w muscular siphon and jet propulsion
- octopus prey on seafloor
49
lopho: phylum mollusca
class bivalvia
- clams, oysters, mussels, scallops
- shells divided in 2 halves and hinged
- suspension feeders
50
lopho: phylum mollusca
class gastropoda
- snails and slugs
- fresh, salt, and terrestrial
- only molluscs to live on land
- sea slugs are colorful like cartoon slugterra
51
lopho: phylum annelida
class oligo-chaeta
- earthworms
- ingest soil and aerate and improve texture
52
lopho: phylum annelida
class poly-chaeta
- largest group
- LOOK LIKE MARINE millipedes
53
lopho: phylum annelida
class hirun-dinea
- leeches
- free-living carnivores but some suck blood
- up to 10x their own weight
54
ecdyso: phylum arthropoda
suphylum chelicerata
- arachnids and horseshoe crab
- most terrestrial
55
ecdyso: phylum arthropoda
subphylum myriapoda
- millipedes herbivores 2 pairs per segment
- centipedes carnivores 1 pair per segment
56
ecdyso: phylum arthropoda
subphy. crustacea
- nearly ALL AQUATIC,
ONE TERRESTRIAL(ISOPODS: pill bug, rolypoly)
- crabs, shrimp, barnacles
57
ecdyso: phylum arthropoda
subphy. hexapoda
- class insecta
- most succesful on earth
- head, thorax, 3 pairs of legs and wings
58
shanon-wiener diversity index formula
H = - E Pi(ln(Pi))
Pi= species 1
turtles1: 40
turtles2: 10
40/50 = Pi
59
Platyhelminthes: classes 3
- turbelleria
- cestoda
- trematoda
60
Mitosis result in ____ cells
Diploid
61
Meiosis result in _____ cells
Haploid
