Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Genetics > Proteins and their synthesis > Flashcards

Proteins and their synthesis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is translation?

A

The generation of specific proteins from their mRNA templates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 2 things does translation involve?

A

Ribosomal proteins and Functional RNAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two functional RNAs

A

tRNAs
rRNAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the the relationship between transcription and translation in Eukaryotes?

A

It occurs in separate compartments in eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the relationship between transcription and translation in prokaryotes?

A

It occurs in the same compartment in prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many amino acids are there in genetic code?

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is released each time a peptide bond forms?

A

Water molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the ends of a polypeptide chain called?

A

N-terminal and C-terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 parts of a ribosome?

A

Large subunit
Small subunit
decoding center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 levels of protein structure?

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Secondary structure explanation?
What are the two conformations?

A

Local structure
Helices
Beta pleated sheet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tertiary structure explanation?

A

Composite of all secondary structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Protein structure is relatred to its function.
Globular-
Linear-
Disordered

A

Globular - antibodies
Linear - skin
Disordered -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Protein structure is relatred to its function.
Globular-
Linear-
Disordered

A

Globular - antibodies
Linear - skin
Disordered -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are amino acids specified?

A

By nonoverlapping codons containing 3 adjacent nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did the experiments of Crick, Brenner and others indicate?

A

Using the T4 phage, they indicated that the genetic code involved triplets

17
Q

In the 1960s, Nirenberg, Matthaei, and Khorana

A

Used synthetic RNAs to crack the genetic code

18
Q

What is degeneracy?

A

Multiple sets of codons can code for the same thing
Some mutations wont change what result the codon codes for

19
Q

What can single nucleotide mutations cause?

A

They can introduce premature stop codons which break the gene

20
Q

What do tRNAs do?

A

They bring amino acids to the ribosome so it can be added to a polypeptide chain

21
Q

What 2 things do tRNA sceondary structures have?

A

Anticodons and Amino Acid attachment sites

22
Q

What does the tRNA anticodon region do?

A

Binds with a codon for addition to a polypeptide chain

23
Q

What do aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases do?

A

Covalently attach appropriate tRNAs and amino acids
tRNAs and AAs dock inside and AAs are bound

24
Q

What makes it possible for tRNAs to recognize multiple codons

A

Wobble effect

25
Q

What is special about Inosine?

A

Inosine can sometimes replace A and it can pair with A,C, or U

26
Q

Are prokaryotic or eukaryotic ribosomal subunits larger?

A

Eukaryotic

27
Q

What feature of bacterial (prokaryotes) mRNAs helps position the ribosome during translation inition?

A

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

28
Q

What are the three key sites that ribosomes have to facilitate interactions with molecules necessary for translation?

A

Acceptor
Polypeptide
Exit

29
Q

What role does the start codon play in initiating translation?

A

It marks the site at which translation into protein sequence begins and facilitates position of ribosome docking

30
Q

What do the stop codons trigger?

A

Stop codons recruit release factors which trigger termination of translation and trigger disassembly of ribosome

31
Q

What are the 3 stages/phases of translation?

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

32
Q

What proteins are involved in elongation?

A

Elongation factors, they allow the ribosome to shift during translation extending the polypeptide chain

33
Q

If prokaryotes have the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, what is the eukaryote version?

A

5’ cap

34
Q

How does the ribosome dock in eukaryotes

A

Docking in eukaryotes is facilitated relative to the start codon and 5’ cap

35
Q

What allows the large ribosomal subunit to bind to the small unit in prokaryotes?

A

F-met

36
Q

What are nonsense supressors?

A

Secondary mutations that enable translation to proceed through a premature stop

37
Q

What are post-translational modifications?

A

Additional levels of modifications to the protein that influence how they function

38
Q

What are 5 examples of PTMs?

A
  1. Addition of chemical groups
  2. Amino acid modifications
  3. Cleavage
  4. Addition of complex molecules
  5. Addition of polypeptides

Genetics (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions