Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Genetics > Condensed > Flashcards

Condensed Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What did Mendel propose?

A

existence of genes, alleles, and dominance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who rediscovered Mendel’s work?

A

Bateson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mitosis produces:

Meiosis produces:

A

Mitosis- two identical cells

Meiosis- unique gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mitosis can take place in ___ or ___

A

Haploid or diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Meiosis can only occur in ___ cells

A

Diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Meiosis is the process during-

A

which recombination occurs and the overall chromosome number is halved.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Mendel’s first law?

A

Members of a gene pair separate equally into gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Mendel’s second law?

A

Independent assortment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do prokaryotes multiply?

A

Binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do bacteria carry their DNA?

A

A circular genome and circular plasmids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Transformation:

A

DNA is taken up from its environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms for bacterial DNA exchange?

A

Transformation

Transduction

Conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many mechanisms for bacterial DNA transfer did we cover?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Transduction:

A

Receiving DNA from viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Conjugation:

A

receiving DNA from another cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Conjugation can result in transfer of ___ or ___

A

Plasmids or genomic DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vertical transmission:

Horizontal transmission:

A

Vertical - parents to offspring

Horizontal - between the same generation

18
Q

How do prokaryotes multiply?

A

Binary fission

19
Q

How do bacteria carry their DNA?

A

A circular genome and circular plasmids

20
Q

What carries genes that influence bacteria traits?

A

Plasmids

21
Q

Transformation:

A

DNA is taken up from its environment

22
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms for bacterial DNA exchange?

A

Transformation

Transduction

Conjugation

23
Q

How many mechanisms for bacterial DNA transfer did we cover?

A

3

24
Q

Transduction:

A

Receiving DNA from viruses

25
Q

Conjugation:

A

receiving DNA from another cell

26
Q

Conjugation can result in transfer of ___ or ___

A

Plasmids or genomic DNA

27
Q

Vertical transmission:

Horizontal transmission:

A

Vertical - parents to offspring

Horizontal - between the same generation

28
Q

Complementation

A

Occurs when two strains of an organism with different homozygous recessive mutations that produce the same mutant phenotype have offspring that express the wild-type phenotype when mated or crossed.

29
Q

Epistasis:

A

Phenotype of double mutants depart from the expectations based on single mutants

the expression of one gene is modified by the expression of one of more other genes

30
Q

Recessive epistasis:

A

When the recessive allele of one gene masks the effects of either allele at the second gene

31
Q

Dominant epistasis:

A

When the dominant allele of one gene masks the effects of the either allele at the second gene

32
Q

Two ways that genes can interact

A
  1. Interactions between alleles of the same gene
  2. Interactions berween two or more different genes
33
Q

With complete dominance, this intermediate level will be sufficient, resulting in Wild Type

Why?

A

Happlosufficient

With Complete Dominance there is enough gene activity in the heterozygote

34
Q

___ occurs when one Wild Type copy of a gene is insufficient

Why?

A

Happloinsufficiency

There is not enough gene activity in the heterozygote

35
Q

What is a dominant negative?

A

It does not function properly and it impairs the wild type allele

36
Q

What is codominance?

A

Heterzygote exhibits the phenotypes associated with both alleles of a gene

37
Q

What is a X-linked allele

A

An allele that is only carried on X chromosomes. Males only have 1 X chromosome so they only need 1 allele to manifest the trait

38
Q

What organelles have DNA?

A

Mitochondria -mtDNA
Chloroplasts - cpDNA

39
Q

What is a continuous trait?
What are they also called?

A

A trait influenced by multiple genes.
Polygenes or Quantitative Trait Loci

40
Q

What is independent assortment

A

different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.

Genetics (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions