Intro/Single Gene Inheritance

Question 1

Transmission genetics:

Answer 1

from parent to offspring within families

Question 2

Molecular developmental genetics:

Answer 2

from DNA to gene action within and between cells

Question 3

Population-evolutionary genetics:

Answer 3

Over many generations within populations of organisms

Question 4

The birth of genetics

At least two main reasons initially:

Answer 4

– Resemblance of relatives

– Domestication of crops, livestock, and pets from their

wild relatives

Question 5

What did Mendel propose?

Answer 5

existence of genes, alleles, and dominance.

Question 6

Who rediscovered Mendel’s work?

Answer 6

Bateson

Question 7

What do genes do functionally?

Answer 7

Encode proteins

Question 8

What is the central dogma of how genes produce functional products?

Answer 8

Replication (DNA Synthesis)

Transcription (RNA synthesis)

mRNA

Translation (protein synthesis)

Question 9

Phenotypes represent ____ forms of the same property?

Examples?

Answer 9

Phenotypes represent different forms of the same property.

Physical attributes like heigh and eye colot etc

Question 10

Wild type is

Answer 10

the common form of the trait

Question 11

Mutants have an ___ form of a trait

Answer 11

Mutants have an abnormal form of a trait

Question 12

What does mutation produce?

Answer 12

Heritable changes in DNA, which can impact traits

Question 13

Mutations occur ___ as a byproduct of DNA replication but can also be induced using chemicals and other approaches

Answer 13

Spontaneously

Question 14

polymorphisms:

Answer 14

different phenotypes of the same property that co-exist within a species.

Question 15

Pure lines:

Answer 15

all offspring produced by mating members of a line were identical

Question 16

Crossing two pure lines results in:

Answer 16

Identical F₁s

Question 17

Are identical F1s true breeding?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

Chromosomes are long pieces of-

Answer 18

Nucleic acid and protein that carry genetic information

Question 19

Where are genes located?

Answer 19

On chromosomes

Question 20

Haploid cells have _ copy(ies) of each chromosome

Answer 20

One

Question 21

Diploid cells have ___ copy(ies) of each chromosome

Answer 21

2

Question 22

Mitosis produces:

Meiosis produces:

Answer 22

Mitosis- two identical cells

Meiosis- unique gametes

Question 23

Mitosis can take place in ___ or ___

Answer 23

Haploid or diploid

Question 24

Meiosis can only occur in ___ cells

Answer 24

Diploid

Question 25

Meiosis is the process during-

Answer 25

which recombination occurs and the overall chromosome number is halved.

Question 26

Are all eukaryotes diploid?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

Homologs:

Answer 27

A pair of the same chromosome

Question 28

Can homologs harbor different alleles?

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

Sister chromatids:

Answer 29

Identical copies of the same chromosome

Question 30

Dyad:

Answer 30

A pair of sister chromatids

Question 31

Tetrad:

Answer 31

Four chromatids considered together

Question 32

Many alleles can code for the same ___

Answer 32

Disease/trait

Question 33

Null mutation:

Answer 33

Gene/protein is broken

Question 34

Leaky mutation:

Answer 34

Diminished function of the gene/protein

Question 35

Silent mutation:

Answer 35

Does not have any negative affects of the gene/protein function.

Question 36

Sexual dimorphism:

What causes it?

Answer 36

Phenotypically distinct males and females.

Caused by sex chromosomes ex. humans

Question 37

What are the male and female sex chromosomes in humans?

Answer 37

Males - XY

Females- XX

Question 38

How do sex chromosomes benefit females?

Answer 38

Females have two copies of genes in case one is faulty. They are likely to be carriers of autosomal traits. Males only have one copy of the gene and will likely manifest the trait (disease)

Question 39

Autosomal traits and Sex-linked traits are

Answer 39

Dominant or recessive