Independent Assortment of Genes

Question 1

What is Mendel’s first law?

Answer 1

Members of a gene pair separate equally into gametes

Question 2

What is Mendel’s second law?

Answer 2

Independent assortment

Question 3

What is the phenotypic ratio of an F2 dihybrid cross?

Answer 3

9:3:3:1

Question 4

What is the product rule?

What is the sum rule?

Answer 4

The Product rule is the probability of independent events ocurring together

The Sum rule is the probability one or another multiple mutually exclusive event occuring

Question 5

How can you generate pure lines?

Answer 5

Multiple rounds of selfing

Question 6

Selfing:

Answer 6

When pollen from a flower falls on its own stigma

Self-pollination

Question 7

Selfing reduces ____

Answer 7

Heterozygosity

Question 8

How do you homozygos a number of genes into a single pure line?

Answer 8

Crossing different pure lines and selfing their progeny

Question 9

In many eukaryotes, __ of the products of meiosis die

Answer 9

3

Question 10

What are recombinants?

Answer 10

Meiotic outputs that differ from meiotic inputs

Individuals with shuffled alleles from their parents

Question 11

How can you test for recombinants in diploids?

Answer 11

Testcrossing

Question 12

Independent assortment is expected to produce __% recombinants

Answer 12

50%

Question 13

Continuous trait:

Answer 13

Influenced by multiple genes

Question 14

What are genes that influence continuous traits called?

Answer 14

Quantitatve trait loci (QTLs)

or Polygenes

Question 15

The baseline model for continuous traits is that QTLs behave ___

Answer 15

Additively

Question 16

Continuous traits: view alleles as countributing ___

One allele ___ provide a dose

One allele ___ ___ provide a dose

Answer 16

alleles contribute doses

one allele WILL

one allele WILL NOT

Question 17

What organelles in eukaryotes have organellar DNA?

Answer 17

myDNA- Mitochondrial

cpDNA - chloroplast

Question 18

In humans, genes that were mitochondrial were absorbed by __

Answer 18

the nucleus

Question 19

In most cases, organelles specifically exhibit ____ inheritance

Answer 19

Maternal

Question 20

Chloroplast mutations can result in ___

Answer 20

Variegation

Question 21

Variegation:

Answer 21

Mosaic of cells with functional and nonfunctional chlorplasts

Question 22

What will the offspring of a variegated plant look like?

Answer 22

It will look like the mother because the maternal genome is what matters.

Question 23

A heteroplasmic individual ___ ___ show a trait

Answer 23

might not

Question 24

How can a cell have only one organellar gentoype?

What is it called?

Answer 24

Through sucessive cell divisions

Cytoplasmic segregation

Question 25

Mitochondrial DNA is inherated from ___

Answer 25

Our moms

Question 26

Inference:

Answer 26

Alleles that are linked on a chromosome tend to be inherited together

Question 27

Cis or trans confromation?

AB/ab

++/ab

Answer 27

Cis

Question 28

Cis or trans conformation?

Ab/aB

+b/a+

Answer 28

Trans