Proteins Flashcards
enzymes must break bonds and remove histone, revealing the _____ in DNA
promoter segment
nucleosomes repeat to make
chromatin
heterochromatin
“tight” genes off
Euchromatin
genes on
octamer consisting of two of each of
H2A, H2B, H3, H4 ( no H1)
Promotor regions are located upstream of the __ end
5’
2 types of transcription factors
gene-specific TF and general TF ( which are required to activate all genes)
what happened in CREM- mutant mice?
Spermatogenesis deficiency
exons vs introns
exons are the ones that get expressed
Epithelial cells attach to the
basal lamina ( cellular matrix layer that is secreted by the epithelial cells)
what characteristics to transporting epithelia have?
thicker, membrane mods, cell junctions and mitochondria
- to regulate ion exchange selectively
- absorption and secretion
exocrine vs endocrine?
exocrine glands–> release into external environment ( release into ducts) whereas endocrine is into the bloodstream
what is cystic fibrosis?
defective epithelial ion transport of chloride and sodium in exocrine tissues that leads to thick secretions in the lungs liver pancreas and reproductive tract and increased salt in sweat glands
genetic and molecular causes of CF?
- faulty gene on chromosome 7
- malfunction of the gene coding for the CF- transmembrane conductance regulator leads to defective cAMP-activated chloride and sodium channel that is on the surface of many cells
why does the mucus get dehydrated?
NaCl becomes trapped in the cell and pulls water in
patients with CF suffer from
multi systemic disease
what are the chances of a child with both parents having CF to pass it to their children
1/4
genetic screening says that there are over ____ mutations associated with CF
1100
high levels of salt are in the _____ fluid
intracellular fluid
Chloride and salt ions are trapped inside or out?
INSIDE so this ultimately leads to failure of water to leave the cell and then enhanced mucus secretion with no water to dilute it– thick and sticky
