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Mammalian Physiology > Digestive System- stomach > Flashcards

Digestive System- stomach Flashcards

1
Q

mixing motility

A

= segmentation

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2
Q

propulsion/moving forward motility

A

= peristaltic

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3
Q

innermost tissue layer

A

mucosa

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4
Q

thick layer of CT and gland tissue.

contains larger lymph and blood vessels. contains nerve network

A

submucosa

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5
Q

inner layer of circular and longitudinal muscles, nerves organized into plexus. this layer regulates movment

A

muscular externa

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6
Q

serosa

A

outer layer, CT, fold to connect to mesentary

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7
Q

where are lymph nodes found

A

in mucosa layer

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8
Q

3 major salivary glands

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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9
Q

cells on esophagus

A

stratified squamous ( then has the same 4 layers as in digestive tract)

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10
Q

rugae

A

disappear when stomach is full

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11
Q

pylorus

A

the furthest part of the stomach - by the pyloric sphincter

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12
Q

mucous neck cells secrete

A

mucus to protect against resin and acid

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13
Q

chief cells secrete

A

pepsinogen

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14
Q

parietal cells secrete

A

HCL

intrinsic factor

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15
Q

what does HCL do

A

activates pepsinogen and denatures other proteins

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16
Q

endocrine cells secrete

A

gherlin hormone

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17
Q

what secretes HCL

A

parietal cells

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18
Q

what secretes enzymes

A

chief cells

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19
Q

what secretes intrinsic factor

A

parietal cells

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20
Q

what secretes ghrelin

A

endocrine cells

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21
Q

3 layers of the mucosa layer

A
  1. membrane
  2. lamina propria
  3. muscular mucosa
22
Q

lamina propria

A

thin layer of CT under the mucous membrane (2nd layer in mucosa layer)

23
Q

GALT

A

gut associated lymphoid tissue ( found in the lamina propria

24
Q

submucosa in stomach

A

has larger lymph and blood vessels

  • nerve network - plexus
  • thick layer of CT
25
Q

muscular externa

A

major smooth muscle coat of digestive tube. usually 3 layers

- oblique, circular, longitudinal

26
Q

serosa

A

secretes fluid to lubricate and prevent friction

27
Q

mesenteries

A

double sheet of serious membranes

  • stabilize and position organs
  • provide network of vessels nerves and lymph to digestive tract
28
Q

mixing in stomach takes place in

A

antrum of stomach

29
Q

storage in stomach takes place in the

A

body of stomach

30
Q

principle regulator in gastric emptying?

A

controlled by duodenum ( fat, acid, hypertonicity, distension)
- fat is slow- less emptying
-acid- needs to be neutralized in the duodenum ( high acidic meals take longer)
- hypertonicity- build up of aa and glucose slows
emptying
- distension- too much chyme in duodenum prevents more emptying

31
Q

factors in the docdenum (fat, acid, distension, hypertonicity) can trigger either?

A
  1. neural response

2. hormonal response

32
Q

neural response

A

enterogastric reflex that acts to slow the peristaltic activity
- smooth muscle contractions- autonomic system

33
Q

hormonal response

A

release gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) in response to (after factor in duodenum triggers less gastric emptying )which acts on gastric muscles to decrease peristalsis

34
Q

three phases of gastric secretion

A

cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase

35
Q

cephalic phase

A

thinking of food triggers release of gastric juice

- nerve mechanism through parasympathetic

36
Q

gastric phase

A

distension of stomach triggers parasympathetic reflexes to increase gastric juice secretions
- nerve and hormal response bc gastrin ( hormone) is also secreted by G cells) which casues increased secretion of gastric juice

37
Q

gastrin

A

hormone produced by endocrine G cells that promotes release of gastric juice

38
Q

intestinal phase

A

triggers endocrine response

- food enters the SI, stomach activity is decreased by gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), CCK and secretin

39
Q

which hormones oppose the action of gastrin

A

CCK, GIP and secretin - these stimulate ejection of bile from pancreas

40
Q

2 areas that secrete gastric juice

A

oxyntic mucosa and pyloric gland area

41
Q

where do the digestive hormones come from?

A

oxyntic mucosa which contains gastric glands that have endocrine, chief, parietal and ECL cells

42
Q

what are exocrine cells

A

secrete through ducts
- mucous, chief, parietal

  • found in the oxyntic mucosa
43
Q

ECL

A

endocrine cell dominant in the oxyntic mucosa : secretes histamine which stimulates parietal cells

44
Q

cells in the pyloric gland area

A

mucous, G cells and D cells

45
Q

G cells

A

gastrin

46
Q

gastrin

A

stimulates exocrine cells

47
Q

D cells

A

inhibitory secretions - somatostatin

- inhibits G cells, parietal cells and ESL cells

48
Q

what casues 60% of ulcers

A

helicobacter pylori which creates alkaline envirment around it to stay alive

49
Q

what can prevent HCL formation

A

proton pump inhibitors

50
Q

adventitia

A

CT outer layer of esophagus

51
Q

duct cells

A

pancreas secrete buffer

Mammalian Physiology (17 decks)

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