Intro lecture

Question 1

What is physiology

Answer 1

• function

study of the functioning organism. how organs work, communication on a systemic and local cellular level

Question 2

What is anatomy

Answer 2

-structure

study of structure, identification and description of the structure of mammals

Question 3

action potencial in cardiac myocytes

Answer 3

calcium, sodium, and potassium

• potassium flows out of the cell and membrane potential is -90
• Na and Ca leak through the gap junction and now the cell becomes more positive (depolarization)
• new voltage gated channels open up ( sodium channels) Na gushes in because so much more Na outside of cell (this happens very fast)
• now quick depolarization
• these same voltage gated channels close down ( very fast as-well)
• voltage gated potassium channels flip open after depolarization ( K+ flows out ) this is repolarization
• now voltage gated Ca channels open and Ca2+ comes in ( because K+ out and Ca+ in –> you get a flat line and membrane potential stays the same )
• Ca close suddenly and now

Question 4

describe depolarization

Answer 4

going from negative to more positive

Question 5

repolarization

Answer 5

going from more positive to negative

Question 6

mechanism of cardiac muscle action potential

Answer 6

rapid depolarization from Na+ entry, the plateau from Ca2+ entry and K+ exiting, than Ca+ voltage channels close and K+ keeps exiting= depolarization

Question 7

the 3 major germ layers that form during gastrulation are?

Answer 7

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 8

ectoderm

Answer 8

skin, hair, lens of the eye, nervous tissue, anal cavity, epithelium layer of organs

Question 9

mesoderm

Answer 9

circulatory system, excretory system, muscles, connective tissue and organs

Question 10

endoderm

Answer 10

lining of the digestive and respiratory tract, parts of live, pancreas, thyroid and the bladder

Question 11

tissue

Answer 11

an organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function

Question 12

4 major tissue types

Answer 12

epithelial, CT, Muscle and nervous

Question 13

epithelial characteristic

Answer 13

on for more layers of densely arranged cells with very little ECM

Question 14

CT characteristics

Answer 14

few cells surrounded by lots of ECM
function- connect anchors and supports body structures, transport
- bone, tendon, blood, fat

Question 15

which feedback disrupts homeostasis

Answer 15

positive

Question 16

difference between intracellular control, intrinsic control and extrinsic control

Answer 16

intacellular- inside cell
intrinsic- within tissues or organs- may involve chemical signals such as growth factors in ovary
extrinsic- regulation from organ to organ - may involve nerve signals or endocrine signals

Question 17

intrinsic regulation example

Answer 17

regulation within an organ or tissue - between cells in an organ