Proteins

Question 1

diverse macromolecules classified based on function e.g. enzymes, structural proteins, transport proteins, defense proteins

Answer 1

proteins

Question 2

composed of an amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, side chain (R), 20 amino acids, 8 essential ones

Answer 2

amino acids

Question 3

cannot be produced by human body and must be consumed in our diet, PVT TIM HaLL, phenylaline, valine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine, methionine, histidine, leucine, lysine

Answer 3

essential amino acids

Question 4

side chains have hydrocarbon group or aromatic group

Answer 4

nonpolar amino acids

Question 5

side chains have hydroxyl, thiol or amide (C=O and NH2)

Answer 5

polar amino acids

Question 6

side chain contains negatively charged carboxyl group

Answer 6

acidic (negatively charged) amino acids

Question 7

side chain contains positively charged amine group

Answer 7

basic (positively charged) amino acids

Question 8

“C”OOH, “R”, “N”H2
if CORN is clockwise, then it’s D form, counterclockwise is L form

Answer 8

CORN rule

Question 9

condensation reaction causing covalent bond between them called a peptide/amide bond

Answer 9

peptide bond

Question 10

linear sequence of amino acids

Answer 10

primary structure 1°

Question 11

hydrogen bonding occurs btwn side chain, alpha helix (coils), beta pleated (folded) sheets

Answer 11

secondary structure 2°

Question 12

3-d structure of a protein due to folding as side chains go through hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, covalent bonding, ionic bonding & disulfide bridges

Answer 12

tertiary structure 3°

Question 13

2 or more polypeptides interact to form a functional protein

Answer 13

quatenary structure 4°

Question 14

protein unfolds completely bc side chain bonding is disrupted, can be bc of hot/cold temperatures, ionic concentration, exposures to chemicals changes in pH and changes in pressure

Answer 14

protein denaturation

Question 15

transport protein, delivers oxygen, 4 polypeptides and heme ring

Answer 15

hemoglobin

Question 16

in aqueous solution H+ ion is transferred from carbonyl end to amino, simultaneously electrically charged and neutral, positive & negative charges net zero charge, amino group protonated, carboxyl group dissociated

Answer 16

zwitterion

Question 17

pH where the amino acid has no overall charge, commonly ~ 6

Answer 17

isoelectric point pI