Functional Groups Flashcards
saturated hydrocarbons that
contain only single bonds
alkanes
unsaturated hydrocarbons
that contain a carbon to carbon double bond
c=c
alkenes
unsaturated hydrocarbons
that contain a carbon to carbon triple bond
c≡c
alkynes
carbon ring with a
single bond
cycloalkane
carbon ring with a
double bond
cycloalkene
carbon ring with a
triple bond
cycloalkyne
one or more aromatic rings
arene/benzene
hydrocarbons with one
or more halogens
linked to them
alkyl halides/haloalkanes
small group of atoms bonded to the carbon skeleton of an organic molecule
functional groups
O-H group, oxygen is bonded to a carbon atom in the carbon skeleton. Found in sugars.
hydroxyl (alcohol)
Has O-H and C=O groups on the same carbon atom. The -COOH group is at the end of a carbon chain. Found in fatty acids (e.g. stearic acid)
carboxylic acid
Has a C=O group, C=O group is at the end of carbon chain,
so is next door to a hydrogen atom
aldehyde
Has a C=O group, C=O group is at the end of carbon chain,
so is next door to a hydrogen atom
ketone
–NH2 or –NH3, + group attached to the carbon skeleton
amine
–NH2 or –NH3, + group attached to a C=O group on the end of the carbon skeleton
amide
