Functional Groups Flashcards
saturated hydrocarbons that
contain only single bonds
alkanes
unsaturated hydrocarbons
that contain a carbon to carbon double bond
c=c
alkenes
unsaturated hydrocarbons
that contain a carbon to carbon triple bond
c≡c
alkynes
carbon ring with a
single bond
cycloalkane
carbon ring with a
double bond
cycloalkene
carbon ring with a
triple bond
cycloalkyne
one or more aromatic rings
arene/benzene
hydrocarbons with one
or more halogens
linked to them
alkyl halides/haloalkanes
small group of atoms bonded to the carbon skeleton of an organic molecule
functional groups
O-H group, oxygen is bonded to a carbon atom in the carbon skeleton. Found in sugars.
hydroxyl (alcohol)
Has O-H and C=O groups on the same carbon atom. The -COOH group is at the end of a carbon chain. Found in fatty acids (e.g. stearic acid)
carboxylic acid
Has a C=O group, C=O group is at the end of carbon chain,
so is next door to a hydrogen atom
aldehyde
Has a C=O group, C=O group is at the end of carbon chain,
so is next door to a hydrogen atom
ketone
–NH2 or –NH3, + group attached to the carbon skeleton
amine
–NH2 or –NH3, + group attached to a C=O group on the end of the carbon skeleton
amide
Has a –SH group attached to the carbon skeleton, Found in amino acids (e.g. cysteine)
thiol
Has a –PO4 group attached to the carbon skeleton
phosphate group
removal of water from the
molecules to bond them together, type of linkage formed depends on the functional groups in the molecules
dehydration synthesis (condensation)
Two alcohol groups
become linked, The oxygen is sandwiched between
two carbon atoms
c-o-c
ether
A carboxyl group and alcohol group become linked
One oxygen is part of a C=O bond, the other is next door,
sandwiched between two carbons
ester
An amino group and a carboxyl group become linked together by the removal of water
C=O is bonded to N-H
peptide
Two phosphate groups or two carboxyl groups are linked together
anhydride
