metabolic reactions

Question 1

glucose is converted to 2 pyruvate molecules in a series of 10 reactions

Answer 1

glycolysis

Question 2

five energy requiring steps of glycolysis, 2 ATP invested, turned into DHAP, immediately turns into G3P

Answer 2

glycolysis 1

Question 3

five energy releasing steps of glycolysis, 2 G3P are turned into 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 ATP and 2 NADH are produced

Answer 3

glycolysis 2

Question 4

glycolysis 1 starts with glucose, ends with G3P, glycolysis 2 starts with G3P, ends with pyruvate. 2 pyruvate produced, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

Answer 4

glycolysis overall

Question 5

contains transport protein (porin) that acts as a pore and is permeable to pyruvate through diffusion

Answer 5

outer membrane

Question 6

contains pyruvate container that allows pyruvate to enter matrix, contains phospholipid cardiolipin making it impermeable to ions, important for e- transport chain

Answer 6

inner membrane

Question 7

fluid filled space that becomes a H+ reservoir for ATP synthesis

Answer 7

intermembrane space

Question 8

folding of inner membrane

Answer 8

cristae

Question 9

enzyme rich fluid surrounded by inner membrane, where transition reaction and krebs cycle occur

Answer 9

matrix

Question 10

pyruvate forms acetyl co-A, 2 NADH and 2 CO2 are formed

Answer 10

transition reaction

Question 11

acetyl co-A goes in and 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP and 4 CO2 are formed

Answer 11

krebs cycle

Question 12

made directly by phosphorylation of a phosphate group to ADP

Answer 12

substrate level phosphorylation

Question 13

electron transport chain and atp synthase using oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 13

highest production of ATP in cellular respiration

Question 14

NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome complex, cytochrome oxidase

Answer 14

electron transport chain enzymes

Question 15

ubiquinone, cytochrome

Answer 15

ETC electron carriers

Question 16

pump H+ ions from matrix to intermembrane space, NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome complex, cytochrome oxidase

Answer 16

ETC proton pumps

Question 17

NADH and FADH2

Answer 17

ETC reduced coenzymes needed

Question 18

diffusion of ions across a membrane

Answer 18

chemiosmosis

Question 19

inner membrane impermeable to H+ ions, H+ ions pumped into intermembrane space during electron transport create proton gradient allowing H+ to flow through ATP synthase through diffusion synthesizing ATP from ADP and P during oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 19

proton motive force

Question 20

coenzymes oxidized and donate electrons, component of the ETC is reduced

Answer 20

oxidation of electron carriers

Question 21

oxygen

Answer 21

final electron acceptor

Question 22

high energy electrons pass from one protein component in the chain to the next

Answer 22

movement of electrons

Question 23

energy received allows proteins to pump hydrogen across the membrane so they can be pumped back across by ATP synthase, drives enzyme to synthesize ATP from ADP + P

Answer 23

movement of hydrogen ions

Question 24

when electrons come to the end of the chain they combine with oxygen, which combines with hydrogen to form water

Answer 24

production of water

Question 25

NADH enters ETC at NADH dehydrogenase, resulting in protons being pumped through all 3 proton pumps into intermembrane space, 3 ATP being formed

Answer 25

NADH from matrix reactions

Question 26

FADH2 donated to ETC at the succinate dehydrogenase which then donates e- to ubiquinone, only through complex III and IV, two proton pumps, 2 ATP being formed

Answer 26

FADH2 from krebs cycle

Question 27

NADH transported through membrane via oxidation reaction @ malate aspartate shuttle, e- used to reduce NAD+ to NADH, NADH donates its electrons to the ETC at NADH dehydrogenase resulting in 3 ATP being formed

Answer 27

complete cellular respiration NADH from glycolysis

Question 28

NADH transported through membrane via oxidation reaction @ glycol-phosphate shuttle, e- used to reduce FAD to FADH2, FADH2 donates its electrons to ETC at succinate dehydrogenase which then donates electrons to ubiquinone resulting in 2 ATP being formed

Answer 28

incomplete cellular respiration NADH from glycolysis

Question 29

38 ATP

Answer 29

complete cellular respiration

Question 30

36 ATP

Answer 30

incomplete cellular respiration

Question 31

set of metabolic reactions that convert biochemical energy into ATP and release waste

Answer 31

cellular respiration

Question 32

chemical, mechanical and transfer work

Answer 32

ATP used for

Question 33

electron carrier, NAD+ oxidized form, NADH reduced form

Answer 33

NAD+ oxidized form