Chemical Bonds & Electronegativity Lesson Flashcards
attractive force that holds atoms together
chemical bond
biologically weak, dissolve in water
ionic bond
2 or more non metals, biologically strong
covalent bond
ability of an atom to attract
electrons to itself when forming a bond
electronegativity
elements with a valence shell that is almost full
non metals
elements with one or two valence electrons
metals
non metals are ___ electronegative than metals
more
larger the electronegativity number (En), the ___ the atom attracts the electrons
stronger
electronegativity ____ across a period on the periodic
table
increases
electronegativity ____ down a group/family
decreases
En = 0
noble gases
the difference between
two atoms in a bond
electronegativity difference (∆En)
the electronegativity number of both atoms is the same ,
meaning that the electron pair is shared equally
∆En = 0
the atom that attracts the electron pair more strongly has a
partial negative charge ( -)
atom that attracts the electron pair more weakly has a
partial positive charge ( +)
∆En = 0 to 0.5, relatively equal sharing of the electron pair between atoms
Non-Polar Covalent Bond
diatomic molecule such as CH4 and O2 is classified as a
Pure Covalent Bond
∆En = 0.5 to 2.0, electrons are NOT equally shared between atoms, biologically strong
Polar Covalent Bond
∆En = 0
pure covalent
∆En = 0.1 to 0.5
nonpolar covalent
∆En = 0.5 to 1.6
polar covalent
∆En = 1.6 to 2.0, has a metal
ionic
∆En = 1.6 to 2.0, no metal
polar covalent
∆En = 2.1 to 4.0
ionic
single hydrogen atom is shared between two electronegative atoms
Hydrogen Bond
Occur between groups that are insoluble in water, non-polar groups clump together in water
Hydrophobic Interactions
