PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Question 1

protein synthesis step 1

Answer 1

in nucleus
h bonds between complementary bases break (DNA helicase) and DNA uncoils
separating the two strands

Question 2

protein synthesis step 2

Answer 2

in nucleus
One DNA strand is used as a template by RNA polymerase to make mRNA molecule
(DNA template is called the antisense strand)

Question 3

protein synthesis step 3

Answer 3

in nucleus
Free nucleotides line up by complementary base pair w adjacent nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds made by RNA polymerase forming single stranded molecule of mRNA

Question 4

protein synthesis step 4

Answer 4

in nucleus
mRNA then moves out of the nucleus through pore and attaches to a RER in cytoplasm

Question 5

protein synthesis step 5

Answer 5

in cytoplasm
tRNA collects amino acids from cytoplasm and carries them to the ribosome

Question 6

protein synthesis step 6

Answer 6

in cytoplasm
amino acids attached to two tRNA molecules join by a peptide bond and tRNA molecules detach themselves from the amino acids, leaving them behind

Question 7

protein synthesis step 7

Answer 7

in cytoplasm
process repeated leading to formation of polypeptide chain until
stop codon reached on mRNA, ending process of protein synthesis

Question 8

role of nucleolus in protein synthesis

Answer 8

(NOT DIRECTLY INVOLVED)
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and combined with ribosomal proteins to form the subunits of ribosomes

Question 9

role of nucleus in protein synthesis

Answer 9

nucleus stores DNA needed for protein synthesis
transcription: enzyme called RNA polymerase makes copy of gene from DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 10

role of nuclear pores n protein synthesis

Answer 10

After mRNA synthesized in nucleus, it exits to cytoplasm for translation through the Nuclear pores which allows mature mRNA to pass through the nuclear envelope

Question 11

role of RER n protein synthesis

Answer 11

studded with ribosomes on surface which is sites of protein synthesis as ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptide chains.
synthesized polypeptides enter RER lumen to undergo folding into functional shapes.
Once proteins are folded and modified, they are packaged into vesicles and sent to Golgi apparatus

Question 12

role of golgi in protein synthesis

Answer 12

proteins undergo additional modifications like adding sugar to proteins, adding phosphate groups that regulate protein function
the Golgi forms vesicles that bud off and transport proteins to export outside the cell or lysosomes or cell Membrane