CARBOHYDRATES

Question 1

carbohydrates

Answer 1

molecules containg CHO
are sugars
taste sweet
soluble in water

Question 2

monosaccharides

Answer 2

simplest carbohydrate
e.g:
a-glucose
b-glucose
ribose
deoxyribose

Question 3

alpha glucose

Answer 3

OH at bottom right
C6H12O6
energy source
component of starch and glycogen (energy stores)

Question 4

beta glucose

Answer 4

OH at top right
energy source
component of cellulose (plant cell wall)

Question 5

ribose

Answer 5

pentose sugar
component of RNA and ATP

Question 6

deoxyribose

Answer 6

pentose sugar
component of DNA

Question 7

Disaccharides

Answer 7

two monosaccharides bonded together by a glycosidic bond

Question 8

a-glucose + a-glucose

Answer 8

maltose + water

bonded by alpha 1-4 glycosidic linkage

Question 9

a-glucose + fructose

Answer 9

sucrose

bonded by alpha 1-2 glycosidic link

Question 10

B-galactose + a-glucose

Answer 10

lactose

bonded by beta 1-4 glycosidic link

Question 11

B-glucose + B-glucose

Answer 11

cellobiose

beta 1-4 link

Question 12

polysaccharide

Answer 12

many sugar chains bonded together

Question 13

homopolysaccharide

Answer 13

polysachharide made of the same monosaccharide

Question 14

heteropolysaccharide

Answer 14

polysaccharide made of diff monomers

Question 15

carbs as energy source

Answer 15

glucose releases energy to form ATP

Question 16

carbs as energy store

Answer 16

glycogen in animals
starch in plants (amylose, amylopectin)

Question 17

glycogen

Answer 17

alpha 1-4, alpha 1-6 glycosidic bonds
energy store
coils so compact (stores lots of energy)
insoluble so no affect on water potential
branched so easily hydrolysed for energy

Question 18

amylopectin

Answer 18

1-4,1-6 alpha glycosidic bonds
branched so hydrolysed for energy easily
coiled so stored lots of energy
insoluble

Question 19

amylose

Answer 19

1-4 alpha glycosidic bonds
unbranched
insoluble
coils so stores lots of energy

Question 20

cellulose

Answer 20

polysaccharide of beta glucose
every other b-glucose is inverted by 180degrees so h and oh can bond
cellulose chains are straight due to h bonds between straight chains
cellulose form microfibrils which form macrofibrils

Question 21

plant cell wall
structure and function

Answer 21

macrofibrils have high tensile strength due to h bonds between chains
macrofibrils run in all directions cris-crossing for extra strength when turgid
cell walls are fully permeable for water to enter

Question 22

chitin

Answer 22

exoskeleton
fungi cell wall
long parallel chains of acetylglucosamine

Question 23

peptidoglycan

Answer 23

bacterial cell wall

Question 24

polysaccharide uses practical

Answer 24

cellophane
paper
cotton

Question 25

reducing sugars

Answer 25

maltose lactose

Question 26

non reducing sugars

Answer 26

sucrose

Question 27

test for reducing sugars

Answer 27

add benedicts to sample put in hot water bath goes from blue to brick red

Question 28

test for nonreducing sugars

Answer 28

add equal parts HCL to sample boil solution in water bath for 5 min add NaOH to solution add benedicts and heat in water bath for 5 min blue to brick red