All AS Past Paper Questions Flashcards
What causes genetic variation
- Meiosis
- Crossing over between non sister chromatids
- Independent assortment
- Random fertilisation
- Mutations
Why is lots of stomata good
- increases surface for gas exchange
- more CO2 taken in for photosynthesis
- (for hydrophytes: increases transpiration to remove excess water)
Polysaccharides
Many monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds
Prosthetic group for amylase
Cl-
Prosthetic group for carbonic anhydrase
Zn 2+
Mammalian inhalation (inspiration) steps
- ribcage moves up and out
- diaphragm contract (flattens)
- external intercostal muscle contract
- internal intercostal muscle relax
- pressure in lungs decreases as lung size increases
- air forces into lungs
What is the cell wall of bacteria made of
Petidoglycan
What is the cell wall of plants made out of
Cellulose
What is the cell wall of fungus made of
Chitin
Define pqrst from an ecg
P is atrial systole
PQ is delay AV node
QRS is ventricular systole
T is diastole
Specie richness definition
The count of the number of different species in a community
Specie eveness
How evenly individuals are distributed across the different species in a community
What is simpsons index of diversity (stats) used for
The probability that two individuals randomly selected belong to the same specie
n = all of one type of specie
N = total species of ecosystem
High stats test probability = stable ecosystem
3 domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryota
Rf value equations
Distance travelled by substance / distance travelled by solvent
Antibody structure
from tip of Y to bottom
Generally: two heavy inner, two outer light chains
Top = antigen binding site (variable region)
Middle = hinge region
Bottom = constant region
Taxonomy definition
And ranking
