Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What are the differences between genes and genomes
A gene is a specific segment of DNA that tells cells how to function. A genome is the entirety of the genetic material inside an organism.
Explain the process of protein synthesis in terms of
transcription of a gene into messenger rNA in the nucleus
During transcription, DNA is used as a template to make a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). The molecule of mRNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. During translation, the genetic code in mRNA is read and used to make a polypeptide.
explain the process of protein synthesis in terms of translation of mRNA in an amino acid sequence at the ribosome (refer to transfer RNA, codons and anticodons)
What are the differences between an exon and an intron
What is it meant by ‘coding’ exons and ‘non-coding DNA ( centromeres, telomeres and introns) ?
differentiate centromeres and telomeres
What is the purpose of gene expression
the purpose of gene expression is to synthesis a functional gene product (protein or functional RNA); the process can be regulated and is used by all known life.
What is a Genome
- complete set of nucleotide sequences encoded in the total DNA of an organism
- the genome is every single piece of genetic information within a cell
What is a gene?
A specific Section of DNA (usually 200 -20000 nucleotides along) which codes for a specific trait.
What are the two steps in the protein synthesis sequence?
1) Transcription
2) Translation
DNA replication is the process by which DNA _____ and ‘reproduces’.
doubles
What is the main job of DNA?
The main job of DNA is to be read to create proteins.
protein synthesis is the process by which DNA ______
performs its function.
What is Protein synthesis?
- Protein synthesis always follows the same process- called its Central Dogma.
- DNA creates RNA creates Proteins.
- This process happens in two stages: Transcription (DNA to RNA) and Translation (RNA to Protein)
What is transcription?
