Protein Sources and Byproducts Flashcards
most common protein sources in western canada
canola meal
soybean meal
DDGS
steps from rapeseed to canola
removed glucosinolates and erucic acid
solvent extracted canola meal
high protein meal with high lysine
high digestibility and energy
what to due with hull of canola that is removed to make high protein content meal
pellet for dairy cow fiber
DDGS are byproduct of what industry
ethanol
DDGS may be used to replace what in feedlot
barley grain or barley silage
risk of using DDGS
highly variable nutrient content due to starting materials and processing methods
2 classes of feed byproducts from dry milling
dry and wet
nutrient characteristics of wet or dry distillers byproducts from dry processing
low starch
high fat, protein, fiber
centrifuged or screened whole stillage splits into
thin stillage and wet distillers grains
wet byproducts
wet distillers grain
thin stillage
wheat vs corn DDGS
corn DDGS can replace up to 20% of barley grain in background in 40% in finishing
wheat. DDGS inclusion optimal at 20%
corn DDGS superior energy to both wheat DDGS and barley grain
opppurtunities for DDGS inclusion
increase corn silage use
increase need for protein supplementation
1% recuction in fat of low oil DDGS results in ____% reduction in net energy gains
1.3%
medium vs low oil DDGS
medium has better finishing feed efficiency
no impact on liver abscess
urea protein type
rumen degradable protein
urea is __% nitrogen
46%
risk of too much urea
can cause intoxication so increase slowly
oat hull nutrients
low CP
high fiber
low energy
risk of too much oat hulls
impaction
limit to 50% DMI in wintering and 35% when backgrounding
why producers dont like oat hulls
dont flow well
dusty
why would feedlots refuse screenings
chaff/stems
<15% parent grain
weed seeds
dust/dirt
what affects what you are willing to pay for screenings
your ability to process them
problems with refuse grain screenings
potential to spread weed seeds
animals cannot effectively use in original state
nutrient variability
mycotoxin contamination is often high in screenings
grain screening pellets protein and TDN
11-13% protein
65-67% TDN
how to fortify screenings
combine with grain or byproducts
combine with additives
pellet
why are peas not used
use dictated by price and protein need
limited availability
fractionated peas
make purified protein extracts
reason to use beet and citrus pulp
energy byproduct for ruminants
type of fiber in beet and citrus pulp
pectin
digestible fiber
animals can consume __% of BW per day in fresh potatoes
10
potatoes are deficient in
protein
Ca
Mg
vitamins
potatoes are excellent
energy source
high starch and protein
how to deal with unstable nutrient contents
limit ingredient inclusion to 15%
analyze DM to compensate
ensile to preserve and mix to level out comp
risk of potatoes
choking especially when frozen
how to manage potato choke risk
bunk design to keep head down when eating and sifficient bunk space
ensiling potatoes
3-4 parts potatoes to 1 part hay to reduce moisture
potatoes can be fed up to __% DMI
30
% fat in ruminant diet
6%
what processing on oilseeds to increase digestibility
rolling or crushing
