Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANSC 430 > Feed Additives > Flashcards

Feed Additives Flashcards

1
Q

feed additives are

A

non nutritive substances that you can add to feeds in small quantities to meet goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

goals of feed additives (6)

A

improve feed efficiency
stimulate production
increase feed acceptance
enhance feed safety
improve animal health
reduce GHG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

compendium of medicating ingreidient brochures

A

specifies species, level of mediation, directions for feeding, and purpose for medicinal ingredients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what groups of animals to antibiotics have the most impact on

A

young unthrifty or stressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

subtherapudic antibiotic levels were used to

A

promote growth and improve feed conversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mode of action of antibiotics in growth (5)

A

supress mild or unrecognizable infections
reduce growth depressing toxins
reduce microbes destroying nutrients in gut
enhance efficiency of nutrient absorption
channel nutrients away form immune system towards growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

health canada antibiotic use restriction

A

restricts antibiotic usage in food animals to treatinf specific disease under vet direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why are in feed antibiotics used

A

mostly to control liver abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

liver abscess prevalance in cattle

A

12-32 % with increase over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

liver abscess impact on ADG and FE

A

11% reduction in ADG
9.7% reduction in FE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

liver scoring system 3 levels

A

0
A 1 or 2 small abscesses
A+ most severe damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

most common liver abscess bacteria

A

fusobacterium necrophorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tylosin dose rate

A

11ppm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what bacteria does tylosin work against

A

gram positive mostly
some negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mechanism of tylosin

A

inhibits bacteria protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tylosin impact over time

A

trend is decreasing effectivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how does virginiamycin work

A

limits rumen lactic acid production minimizing SARA risks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ionophore prescriptions requirement

A

not needed as doesnt impact human amr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what bacteria do ionophores work on

A

gram positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how do ionophores work

A

improve feed conversion by increasing production of propionic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what do ionophores prevent (3)

A

ketosis, lactic acidosis, bloat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ionophore mechanism of action

A

attaches to cell membrane of bacteria and protozoa in the rumen
solubilized in lipid bilayer
cation is exchanged for a proton
disrupts ionic gradient resulting in decreased intracellular pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how do gram negative bacteria resistant ioniphores

A

outer cell membrane

24
Q

what results for shift from gram pos to gram neg bacteria

A

less acetate and butyrate

25
methane and propionate
more propionate results in less methane production and therefore more efficient energy usage
26
monensin feeding dose to improve feed efficiency
33-48 mg/kg
27
relation between monensin response and fat content in diet
higher fat content results in less response
28
how do ionophore impact ruminal pH
promote higher and more stable pH more stable eating patterns
29
how does ionophores reduce bloat
decreased viscosity of rumen fluid
30
lasalocid (bovatec)
improvement in feed efficiency and ADG no impact on DMI prevention of coccidiosis for calves up to 350kg
31
lasalocid (bovatec) dose
36 ppm
32
salinomycin sodium (posistac)
improvement in feed efficiency in growing/finishing cattle only
33
salinomycin sodium (posistac) dose
100 mg/hd/d
34
B-Adrenergic ligands
act on B-adrenergic receptors to cause a shift in carcass composition from fat to muscle increased lipolysis increase muscle hypertrophy increase carcass leanness increase skeletal muscle mass
35
how does ractopamine increase protein synthesis
increasing myofibrillar protein mRNA and protein production
36
can you feed ractopamine to animals that will be kept for breeding
no
37
when would you feed ractopamine to a feedlot cattle
>400kg last 28-42 d prior to slaughter
38
ractopamine improvement in carcass weight
7-20 lb greater response in steers than heifers
39
Lubabegron (experior)
antagonistic activity for B1 and B2 AR reduce ammonia gas emissions and urea excreted in manure
40
experior dose and timing
1.5-5.5 mg/kg DM last 14-91 days on feed
41
DMI ADG and G:F for experior
incr DMI by 0-2.3% incr ADG by 12% incr G:F by 10%
42
Bovaer
inhibits CH4 production by 30% more in higher concentrate diets by increasing propionate and hydrogen gas production
43
Bovaer feeding and dose
60-200 mg/kg DM must be fed daily
44
how do enzymes increase ruminal digestion
direst hydrolytic effect- act on fiber feeding synergistic effects on rumen microbes- increase attachment to feed and microbial numbers
45
issues with enzymes
inconsistent responses not formulated for optimal activity need for further development
46
probiotics are
direct fed live microbes
47
probiotics potential modes of action
improve GI microbial balance synthesis of lactic acid adhesion to intestinal mucosa stimulation of immune response in the gut
48
potential benefits of probiotics
increased feed intake improved fiber digestion increased N retention and muscle gain
49
what are prebiotics
induce the growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms
50
what are essential oils
naturally occurring volatile components responsible for giving plants and spiced their characteristic essence and colour
51
what properties do essential oils have
antimicrobial properies
52
essential oils effect on ruminal N metabolism
reduced deamination of AA and production of ammonia only in HIGH DOSES which risk inhibiting fermentation
53
essential oil benefits over time
reduced effectiveness
54
2 types of tannins
hydrosable: easily hydrolyzed by heating with weak acid condensed: can precipitate proteins and form soluble and insoluble complexes with various molecules
55
moderate levels of tannins
0.5-5.5% of DMI increase diet protein availability in SI improve growth performance
56
high inclusion of tannins
>8% DMI low palatability reduce DMI and CP digestibility
57
fatal level of CT
>9%

ANSC 430 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions