Protein Overview Flashcards
What does enzyme catalysis require?
specific binding to substrates; specific chemical reactivity; TS stabilization
mutations causing overexpression of EGF receptor can lead to cancer
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what are group I proteins therapeutics?
protein therapeutics with regulatory or enzymatic activity; IA: protein therapeutics that replace a protein that is deficient or abnormal (insulin); IB: augmenting an existing pathway (erythropoietin, interferon); IC: protein theraps. that provide a novel function or activity (botox).
what are group II proteins therapeutics?
have special targeting activity; IIA: interfering with a ‘cule or organism (Crofab–rattlesnake venom); IIB: delivering other compounds or protein (Ontak)
what are group III proteins therapeutics?
protein vaccines; IIIA: protecting against a deleterious foreign agents (Rabies); IIIB: treating an autoimmune disease (Rhophylac); IIIC: treating cancer & neurodegenerative diseases;
what are group IV proteins therapeutics?
protein diagnostics
what are alternatives to antibiotics?
host defence peptides (HDP)s; have the potential to directly attack pathogens, activating immune responses, regulate inflammations, and promote wound healing
what are the roles of proteins?
structural (micro and macro); movement (micro and macro); decoding cell info–>replicatios, trnscription, translation; immunity; storage and transport; enzymes; many others
examples of macro scale structural roles
keratin–pseudoseven repeat (heptad); collagen, triple repeat
Structural proteins like collagen help provide strength and flexibility to skin, tendons and cells.
• Structural proteins may be as strong as silk, or as tough and durable as keratin, the protein component of hair, horn, and feathers.
• Structural proteins often use unique repetitive signatures to achieve simple but effective structures consistent with their biological roles.
micro scale structural roles
GTP-tubulin–>Proteins can also play structural roles at a cellular level.
• Tubulins are the building blocks of microtubules that, as components of the
skeleton, are involved in maintaining cell structure.
• Microtubules also function as platforms for intracellular transport, including facilitating the movement of secretory vesicles and organelles.
movement, macro scale
The ATP-fueled, dynamic interaction between actin and myosin enables breathing, beating hearts and movement.
movement, microscale
Proteins, such as kinesin, enable movement at a cellular level.
• Kinesins, powered by ATP hydrolysis, move along microtubule filaments.
• The movement of kinesins within cells is required for functions such as mitosis, meiosis, the transport of cellular cargo, and others.
decoding inf
The blueprint of life is useless without proteins.
• DNA polymerase is required during replication to produce a new copy of the genome and transcription of specific genes is performed by RNA polymerases.
–need polymerases, ligases, etc
immunity
Abs; Recognition and defense against foreign agents is mediated through specialized proteins (antibodies).
• Within antibodies, there are specialized structures and functions.
storage and transport
Binding exploits the ability of proteins to present structurally and chemically diverse surfaces that can interact with other molecules with high specificity.
• The association of the heme group with the polypeptide of myoglobin resulted in a structure that allows reversible binding of oxygen.
• The tertiary structure of hemoglobin enabled complex regulation of O2 delivery by allosteric effectors (O2 and 2,3 BPG) as well as through the Bohr effect.
