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SCS > Protective Equipment in Sports Medicine > Flashcards

Protective Equipment in Sports Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What materials are commonly found in protective equipment?

A
  • Neoprene
  • Closed- or open-cell foam
  • Plastic
  • Metal
  • Casting material or any combination of these
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2
Q

What is NOCSAE?

A
  • National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment
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3
Q

With Protective Equipment, what voids the liability to the manufacturer?

A
  • Modifications to that equipment
  • Can include painting it or removing and cutting pads
  • If a sports PT modifies a piece of equipment and it results in injury to the athlete, the clinician can be found liable.
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4
Q

What should be done to allow a player wearing a cast to play in a football game?

A
  • Padding must be applied to protect other players from

harm when coming into contact with the cast.

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5
Q

What is the difference between stock and custom protective equipment?

A
  • Stock items are prefabricated and come ready to use

- Custom items are constructed specifically for an individual athlete to protect a body part

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6
Q

When would you use resilient or non-resilient protective equipment?

A
  • Resiliency is the ability to regain shape quickly after impact
  • Highly resilient materials are used when protection
    from repeated impacts is required.
  • Non-resilient materials can be used when one-time or occasional impact is expected, although the protective equipment may be ruined by that impact.
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7
Q

Give example of non-resilient material used in protective equipment

A
  • Polystyrene in a bicycle helmet

- After impact, is likely ruined and helmet should be replaced

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8
Q

What are the two main types of foam?

A
  • Open Cell

- Closed Cell

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9
Q

Describe Open Cell Foams and Uses

A
  • Low-density materials; cells are connected to allow air passage from cell to cell
  • Have the capacity to absorb fluids and are commonly used to pad bony prominences or hard edges of protective equipment and custom-fabricated pads
  • Generally do not have good shock-absorbing
    qualities because they deform quickly under stress.
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10
Q

Describe Closed Cell Foams and Uses

A
  • Preferred because of its superior shock-absorbing abilities, and its resilience to absorption of fluid such as perspiration
  • Should also rebound quickly after being compressed to maintain protection
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11
Q

What is Dual Density Foam?

A
  • Consists of high- and low-density foam that has been glued together by the manufacturer. This can be useful when creating a pad quickly on the field
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12
Q

What are Air Management Pads?

A
  • Constructed of various open- and closed-cell foam pads encased in polyurethane or a nylon material.
  • This encasement is airtight, which prevents quick deformation of the foam so that the energy is dissipated over a broad area
  • Frequently used in Football Shoulder pads
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13
Q

Primary use of Gel Protective Material?

A
  • Absorb Shock

- Can be cut into different shapes and conform to areas of the body (AC Joint, Horseshoe after ankle sprain)

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14
Q

What is Sorbothane?

A
  • Gel Padding
  • Self-adhesive viscoelastic polymer padding that dissipates and absorbs impact forces. This material is available in sheets or in prefabricated pads that can be placed in ball gloves, shoes, or splints
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15
Q

Describe the uses of felt in protective equipment

A
  • Durable, maintains shape well
  • Used in Arch supports and horseshoes frequently
  • Used to reduce friction in high pressure areas like the heels
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16
Q

What are uses of thermomoldable plastics

A
  • Gives Rigid Support

- Relieve impact at an area when used in conjunction with a softer, more shock-absorbing material such as foam.

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17
Q

What are the two categories of thermo-moldable plastics

A
  • Plastics

- Rubber

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18
Q

Describe plastic category of thermo-moldable plastics

A
  • More conforming than the rubber-type materials.
  • Therefore, plastic is more appropriate for small splints, such as on the hand
  • Include materials such as Aquaplast, Bluestripe, Orfit, Multiform I and II, and Orthoplast II
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19
Q

What are some rubberlike thermo-moldable plastics

A
  • Ultraform Traditions, Orthoplast, Aquaplast Greenstripe, and Synergy
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20
Q

What are working temperatures of most thermo-moldable plastics?

A
  • 150 degrees to 180 degrees F

- 65.5 degrees to 82.2 degrees C

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21
Q

What are High Temperature thermo-moldable plastics?

A
  • Become malleable at temperatures of 325 degrees F to 350 degrees F (163 degrees C to 177 degrees C)
  • Shaped over Plaster molds
  • Used in face masks in basketball (W-Clear)
22
Q

What is the most widely used thermo-moldable plastic?

A
  • Orthoplast
23
Q

What is Plastazote?

A
  • Heat-activated, lightweight, closed-cell foam that is heated for five to ten minutes in a convection oven at 285 degrees F (140 degrees C)
  • Made from Polyethylene and can be formed to the part to be protected and provides lightweight padding and support
  • Useful in protecting a quadriceps contusion to prevent repeated blows and MO/ HO
24
Q

What is Scotchcast Fiberglass-Polyurethane?

A
  • Used in casts
  • One-step, easily moldable splint that sets in three to four minutes.
  • Functional strength in the material is attained in twenty minutes.
25
Q

What is Scotchwrap?

A
  • Has 25 percent of fiberglass resin of Scotchcass so less rigid when dry
  • Could be an alternative to RTV 11 rubber in high school athletes, because it is easier to apply
  • Referee may require the material to be covered with soft padding to avoid injury to other players
26
Q

What is Hexcelite or X-Lite?

A
  • Low-temperature thermoplastic with an open-weave design that allows fabrication of lightweight, highly ventilated splints
  • Moldable with warm tap water and is self-bonding, so multiple layers can be used to increase the rigidity of the device.
27
Q

What is Silicone Elastomer?

A
  • Popular in Fabricating soft splints
  • Used when a more rigid material is considered illegal in sporting competition
  • Liquid-style elastomer is reinforced with layers of gauze bandaging
  • Set-up time is controlled by a separate catalyst that is added to the silicone
28
Q

What is Orthoglass?

A
  • Fiberglass-type resin that, when combined with tap water, becomes rigid.
  • Useful if water is only material available (Sideline)
29
Q

What is the most recent innovation in football technology?

A
  • The Revolution helmet by Riddell

- Twenty percent reduction of concussion

30
Q

Describe Helmet Fitting

A

• Wet the hair or wear the way it will be during season.
• Should fit snugly around all parts of the player’s head. No gaps.
• It shouldCover the base of the skull.
• It should not come down over the eyes, Sit
approximately 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) or two finger widths above the eyes.
• Ear holes should line up with the external ear canals.
• Should not shift when manual pressure is applied.
• The chin strap should be properly aligned and keep the helmet from moving up and down or side to side.
• Cheek pads should fit snugly against sides of face.
• The face mask should allow a full field of vision and be approximately three finger widths from the nose.
• The face mask should not move with external force; if it moves, helmet is fitted too loosely.
• To inflate bladder, the bulb is held with an arch in the hose and bulb. To deflate, bulb is in a straight position.

31
Q

Describe Hockey Helmet

A
  • In addition to being able to protect the head during falls and body checks (high mass, low velocity), the helmet must absorb and protect the head from low-mass, high-velocity impact forces, such as being hit with a stick or a puck.
32
Q

Describe Face Masks in NCAA Hockey

A
  • Required to wear face protection. Helmets must be equipped with wire face masks.
  • The openings in the wire guard must be small enough so that a hockey stick cannot fit through the holes and cause injury.
33
Q

What is the difference between a soft cup and hard cup chin strap?

A
  • The hard cup gives the athlete added padding on
    the chin, whereas the soft cup primarily functions to
    hold the helmet in place.
34
Q

In what sports are eye injuries most common?

A
  • Baseball
  • Basketball
  • Squash
  • Women’s lacrosse (1.76 x higher than mens)
35
Q

What type of material should glassess be made out of for eye protection?

A
  • Polycarbonate or CR 39
36
Q

When is someone considered a “one-eye” athlete?

A
  • When corrected vision is 20/200 or less in one eye.

- Should protect good eye during sport and consider not playing collision or contact sports

37
Q

What is primary role of the mouth guard in sport?

A
  • Prevent Dental Trauma
  • Reduce shock from blows to chin
  • Likely does not reduce concussion risk
38
Q

What are the two types of Football Shoulder Pads

A
  • Cantilevered

- Non- Cantilevered

39
Q

When would you use Cantilever Football Pads

A
  • Players performing primarily tackling and blocking
  • Cantilever pads are so named because of the hard plastic bridge they make over the superior aspect of the shoulder to protect the AC Joint
40
Q

What are the three types of Cantilever Pads?

A
  • Inside, outside, and double cantilever
41
Q

Discuss Inside, Outside, and Double Cantilever Football Shoulder Pads

A
  • Inside cantilever - fits under the arch of the shoulder pads and rests against the shoulder. It is more common because it is less bulky than the outside cantilever.
  • Outside cantilever - sits on top of the pad, outside of the arch. It provides a larger blocking surface and affords more protection to those who are in constant contact, such as linemen.
  • Double cantilever - combination
    of both the inside and the outside cantilever,
    affords a player the greatest amount of protection but
    is not feasible for all positions because of its bulk.
42
Q

When would you use Non-Cantilever pads?

A
  • Players like quarterbacks and receivers
  • More Freedom of Movement
  • Becoming more popular in Offensive linemen who use their hands to block
43
Q

What determines what style of shoulder pad is used in Football?

A
  • Position
  • Anterior and posterior padding extends lower to protect the sternum and ribs of linemen, linebackers and fullbacks
  • Defensive ends require the greater protection of larger cups and flaps for tackling.
  • Offensive backs and receivers require smaller shoulder cups and flaps to allow them greater mobility when passing and catching.
44
Q

What is a common piece of protective equipment for shoulder instability?

A
  • Sully Stabilizer
45
Q

Where should thigh pads be placed?

A
  • Centered over the quadriceps muscle group approximately six to seven inches (fifteen to seventeen centimeters) above the kneecap
  • When using asymmetrical thigh pads, the larger flare should be placed on the lateral aspect of the thigh to avoid injury to the genitalia.
46
Q

Describe Prophylactic, Functional, and Rehabilitative braces

A
  • Prophylactic - Used to reduce the incidence or severity of injury to uninjured normal anatomy or to a fully rehabilitated injury
  • Functional - provides protection against reinjury following rehabilitation or surgical reconstruction of an injured knee
  • Rehabilitative - Provides protection of healing structures by limiting mobility following injury or surgery.
  • Prophylactic knee braces should not be required equipment.
47
Q

What type of brace should you use to provide stability in the ACL-deficient or reconstructed knee.

A
  • Lenox-Hill Type Derotation brace
48
Q

Does bracing decrease anterior translation of the tibia in an ACL Deficient Knee?

A
  • Yes, while participating in Weight Bearing and NWB activities
  • No, in the transition from WB to NWB or vice versa
49
Q

For what group of individuals, is there the most evidence for the use of knee braces in ACL Reconstructed Knees

A
  • Skiers
50
Q

Can bracing for ankles help prevent injury?

A
  • Yes, and semi rigid braces seem to be more effective than lace up

SCS (36 decks)

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