Pharmacology in Sports Physical Therapy Flashcards
What are Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Pharmacokinetics - What the body does to the medication
- Pharmacodynamics - What the medication does to the body
What are the phases of Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption (Administration)
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion
What are Enteral and Parenteral Administration of drugs
- Enteral - utilizes the gastrointestinal
tract and includes the oral, sublingual,
buccal and rectal routes of administration - Parenteral - “around” the enteral tract
What are Sublingual and Buccal forms of Enteral drug administration?
- Sublingual - Dissolved under the tongue
- Buccal - Between the Cheek and Gums
What are Parenteral forms of drug administration?
- Injections (IV, Intra-Articular, Subcutaneous)
- Inhaled and Intranasal
- Transdermal
How would you administer Valium to an athlete with acute status epilepsy?
- Rectally
What would administer to an unconscious
athlete experiencing hypoglycemia?
- IM Glucagon
What would you administer to an
athlete experiencing an acute anaphylactic allergic
reaction to food or bee stings?
- IM Epinephrine
What are Clearance (elimination) of a drug and Half Life?
- Clearance is the combination of Metabolism and Excretion of the Drug
- Half Life is how long it takes the body to clear 50 percent of the drug
What is the dose response relationship?
- the relationship between the amount of drug in the body and the expected effectiveness and likelihood and severity of side effects. In other words, the higher the dose, the higher the risk of side effects.
What is a narrow therapeutic window?
- the concentration of drug required to exert the preferred response is very close to the concentration at which toxic events are likely.
- Drugs with wide therapeutic windows are safer and easier to dose.
What are some examples of drugs with narrow therapeutic windows?
- Anti-coagulants
- Anti- Seizure
- Thyroid Medications
- Narrow therapeutic window drugs often require close monitoring by a physician
What are some categories of NSAIDS?
- non-acetylated salicylates (e.g., salsalate)
- first-generation NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen)
- COX-2 inhibitor (e.g., celecoxib/Celebrex).
How do NSAIDs Work?
- Inhibit the enzyme COX 2, and thereby inhibit the production of prostaglandins
What are some NSAID-related gastrointestinal
adverse effects?
- dyspepsia
- heartburn
- nausea
- abdominal pain
- peptic ulcer
- gastrointestinal bleeding
In an Athlete taking NSAIDS, what symptoms should they report to the physician
- any stomach pain
- dark black, tarry or bloody stools
- vomiting of blood or matter that looks like coffee grounds