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SCS > Environment > Flashcards

Environment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first sign of hypothermia?

A

Shivering

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2
Q

When treating frostbite:

Once warming has begun…

A

Once warming has begun tissue must not be allowed to cool again

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3
Q

4 mechanisms of heat loss:

A

Radiation
Evaporation
Conduction
Convection

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4
Q

What is the primary mechanism by which the body dissipates heat?

A

Evaporation

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5
Q

What is the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature?

A

Index of environmental heat stress

Used to estimate the risk of heat related illness

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6
Q

ACSM recommends cancelling sporting events if the WBGT is >____F?

A

> 82.4 F

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7
Q

WBGT: < 65 F

A

Low risk

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8
Q

WBGT: 65-73 F

A

Moderate risk

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9
Q

WBGT: 73-82 F

A

High risk

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10
Q

WBGT: >82 F

A

Very high risk

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11
Q

What is the clinical definition of heat stroke?

A
  1. elevated core body temperature > 40 C

2. altered mental status

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12
Q

Treatment of heat stroke?

A

Cold Water Bath – ASAP!

ACSM recommends cooling first, and then transfer to emergency medical facility

  • During rapid cooling:
  • Rectal temperature should be monitored every 3-5 minutes
  • Continue until temperature reaches an acceptable level (37.5-38 C)
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13
Q

After acute heat stroke how long is an athlete required prior to return to sport?

A

Minimum of 1 week

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14
Q

Primary way body looses heat?

A

radiation

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15
Q

What is normal core temperature?

A

99.6F (37.6 C)

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16
Q

What should be warmed first?

A

Torso

To avoid “after drop” in core temperature

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17
Q

Appearance of:

Superficial frost bite (1st degree)

A

Partial skin freezing
No blisters

Symptoms:

  • burning
  • stinging
  • throbbing/aching
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18
Q

Appearance of:

Superficial frost bite (2nd degree)

A

Full thickness injury
Edema
Vesicles w/ clear fluid

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19
Q

Appearance of:

Deep frost bite (3rd degree)

A

Full thickness & subcutaneous freezing

  • blisters
  • skin necrosis
  • blue-gray discoloration
20
Q

Appearance of:

Deep frost bite (4th degree)

A

skin, muscle, tendon, bone freezing

  • little edema
  • deep red or cynotic
  • eventually dry, black skin
21
Q

Treatment of superficial frost bite

A

Rapid rewarming in warm water 40-42 C (104 to 108 F)

22
Q

What is the 30 seconds to 30 minutes rule in regards to lightening?

A

When the time btwn seeing lightening and hearding thunder is 30 secs of less - ppl need to be in shelter

Shelter should be sought for 30 minutes from the time of the last lightening flash

23
Q

Altitude sickness is common in travels to:

A

3500 meters or more

24
Q

Types of altitude sickness:

A

AMS
HAPE
HACE

25
Q

Sx of Acute Mountain sickness

A 
HA
Anorexia
Nausea or vomiting
Fatigue
Dizziness
Difficulty sleeping
26
Q

How long does it take for AMS to resolve?

A

1 to 3 days

27
Q

When do sx of HAPE occur?

A

2 to 3 days after arrival to altitude

28
Q

Sx of HAPE?

A
  • Dyspnea with exercise
  • Progressing to dyspnea at rest
  • Dry cough
  • Weakness
  • Poor exercise tolerance
29
Q

Sx of HACE?

A

Ataxia
Progressive deterioration in conscious level

** may lead to coma or death

30
Q

Immersion/Trench foot

A
  • burning
  • tingling
  • itchy feet
  • loss of sensation
  • cynotic or blotchy skin
31
Q

NATA position statement on lightening

A

Seek shelter or safe location at the first signs of thunder or lightening

32
Q

Signs of frost nip?

A

Blanches white skin

33
Q

Treatment of frost nip?

A

Firm contact pressure
Place in warm area ie axilla

  • no rubbing
34
Q

How much fluid is required to maintain proper hydration @ less than 2%

A

7-10 oz every 10-20 minutes

35
Q

How long should athletes be acclimatized to the heat?

A

Over 10 to 14 days

36
Q

During pre-season, when is the greatest risk for EHI?

A

First 2-3 weeks of preseason

37
Q

What is the appropriate progression of equipment?

A
  1. Helmets only
  2. Helmets and shoulder pads
  3. Full pads
38
Q

What are the aims of fluid consumption or replacement?

A
  1. Prevent a BW loss of greater than 2%

2. Keep morning urine light in color

39
Q

Define heat syncope

Treatment:

A
  • brief episode of fainting
  • dizziness
  • tunnel vision
  • pale or sweaty skin
  • low rectal temperature

Treatment: lay patient supine, elevate legs above the heart

40
Q

Define heat exhaustion

A
  • KEY difference from EHS is rectal temp less than 40.5 C (105 F)
  • Headache, Dizziness, Confusion
41
Q

Define heat stroke

A 
CNS dysfunction
- confusion
- disorientation
- collapse
Core body temp greater than 40.5 (105F)

*may have hot, wet skin

42
Q

When can an athlete w/ EHS return to play?

A

One month w/ physician clearance

43
Q

What is the goal temperature for a patient w/ EHS?

During CWI, how often should the temperature be checked?

A

Get below 102F (38.9C)

Every 5 to 10 mins

44
Q

When are patients at increased risk of EHI?

A

The following day

45
Q

What medications increase risk of EHI?

A
  • stimulants
  • antihistamines
  • diuretics,
  • antihypertensives
  • attention-deficit hyperactive disorder drugs

SCS (36 decks)

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