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SCS > Elbow Wrist and Hand Injuries > Flashcards

Elbow Wrist and Hand Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Monteggia Fracture

A
  • dislocation of the proximal radioulnar joint in association with a ulna fracture
  • ulna fracture is usually clinically & radiographically apparent
  • radial head dislocation can be subtle & overlooked
  • make sure you XRay until forearm
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2
Q

Boxer fracture

A

Fracture to the 4th or 5th metacarpal

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3
Q

Bennett fracture

A

base of 1st metacarpal, extending into the CMC joint, intraarticular fracture, most common fracture of the thumb

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4
Q

Rolando’s fracture

A

3 part or comminuted fracture through the base of the 1st metacarpal bone

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5
Q

Skier’s or Gamekeeper’s thumb

A

UCL injury of thumb

  • Testing: stress XRays
  • Treatment: short arm cast with thumb spica
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6
Q

Colles fracture

A
  • Complete fracture of the radius bone

- results in upward displacement of the radius

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7
Q

Boutonneire’s Deformity

A
  • rupture of central slip over PIP joint
  • Elson test
  • Treatment:
  • splint PIP joint in full extension for 6 weeks
  • encourage active DIP extension & flexion in splint
  • complete part time splinting for an additional 4-6 weeks
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8
Q

Mallet Finger

A

Disruption of terminal extensor tendon
Treatment:
-Extension splinting of DIP joint for 6-8 weeks
- Maintain free motion of the PIP joint

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9
Q

Stener Lesion

A

Occurs when a torn distal edge of UCL displaces superficial and proximal to the adductor aponeurosis

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10
Q

Kienbock’s Disease

A
  • AVN of lunate
  • most common in males 20-40 years old
  • Imaging: MRI
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11
Q

What tendon’s are involved in DeQuervain’s Tenosynovitis?

A
  • Extensor Pollicis brevis

- Adductor Pollicis Longus

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12
Q

Scapholunate Dissociation

A
  • most common & most serious ligamentous injury to wrist
  • hyperextension wrist injury
  • XRays:
  • Clenched fist view: gap greater than 3 mm is considered to be pathologic
    Sx: Radial sided wrist pain, giving way, clicking
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13
Q

Jersey Finger

A
  • Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendon Injury
  • Cause: Forced extension of DIP
  • Signs: No active flexion with isolation
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14
Q

Scaphoid Fracture

A
  • most commonly fractured carpal bone

- Imaging: CT Scan

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15
Q

What can a delay in dx of a scaphoid fracture lead to?

A
  • non union
  • delayed union
  • decreased grip strength
  • OA of the radiocarpal joint
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16
Q

What supplies blood to the scaphoid?

A
  • Radial artery (70-80%)

- proximal portion has no direct blood supply

17
Q

How do you assess the radial nerve?

A
  • Wrist extension

- Sensation in the doral aspect of the first webspace

18
Q

How do you assess the median nerve?

A
  • ability to make an OK sign

- sensation over the palmer tip of the index finger

19
Q

How do you assess the ulnar nerve?

A
  • strength testing of intrinsic muscles of the hand

- sensation of the palmar tip of the little finger

20
Q

What are the main tendons along the medial aspect of the elbow?

A
  • pronator teres

- flexor carpi radialis

21
Q

What muscle is most commonly involved in lateral epicondylitis?

What nerve is commonly involved?

A
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • radial nerve:
    • divides into superficial radial nerve & PIN
22
Q

What is the most common focal peripheral neuropathy?

A

CTS

- median nerve

23
Q

What is the typical healing rate of metacarpal fractures?

A
  • 3-6 weeks
24
Q

Swan neck deformity

A

DIP flexion

PIP hyper-extension

25
Q

What is intersection syndrome?

A

Inflammation at the site where the first dorsal compartment (APL & EPB) crosses with the wrist extensors (ECRB, ECRL)

  • caused by repetitive wrist extension
26
Q

Bunnell-Littler Test

A

Measure PIP ROM with MCP joint flexed and extended. If the PIP has more ROM with the MCP flexed, the test is positive and indicative of intrinsic muscle tightness

27
Q

Murphey’s Sign

A

Make a fist. If the head of the 3rd MC is level with second and fourth MC, the sign is positive for presence of lunate dislocation

28
Q

In general, what is the best (or ‘safe’) position for splinting of the hand after injury for prevention of ligamentous and muscular shortening?

A

Wrist extended
MCP partially flexed
IP joint extended
thumb palmarly abducted.

29
Q

What nerve is the pinch grip test assessing?

A

AIN

- branch of median nerve

30
Q

What portion of the UCL is the primary restraint to stresses during a baseball pitching?

A

Anterior bundle

31
Q

Second most common cause of overuse wrist pain?

A

ECU tendintis

32
Q

Best test to identify a UCL sprain?

A

Moving valgus stress test (SN = 100%, SP = 75%)

33
Q

s/p distal humerus fracture, when is a dynamic splint used & light strengthening started?

A

Soft callus @ 3-4 weeks

SCS (36 decks)

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