Medical Flashcards
Most common type of diabetics in sport?
Type I
Type I diabetes is caused by?
An autoimmune process that destroys insulin producing cells in the pancreas
Type II diabetes is caused by?
Insulin resistance and variable insulin deficiency
Prior to exercise: Type I meal intake should consist of?
CHO rich meal w/ a low glycemic index
post exercise: Type I meal intake should consist of?
CHO rich meal w/ a high glycemic index
Insulin dependent diabetics should monitor blood glucose when?
prior to, during and after exercise
When should insulin dependent diabetics postpone exercise?
level is above 250 w/ presence of urine keytones
OR
above 300
Treatment of mild hypoglycemia?
- Absorbed glucose
- hard candy
- glucose
Treatment of severe hypoglycemia?
glucagon
What virus causes Mono?
Epstein-Barr virus
Classic triad of mono?
Pharyngitis
Fever
Lymphadenopathy
What organ becomes enlarged?
Organ @ highest risk first ___days of illness
Spleen (Splenomegaly)
21 days
How long is recovery from mono?
Acute phase: 7 days
But usually takes 2-3 weeks
When can an athlete return to play after mono?
Must be asymptomatic
- most support 3 weeks of rest
Define diuresis
Water loss at the kidneys
Define runner’s hematuria
Prevention
Blood in urine after a race
Due to trauma to the bladder
Prevention:
- maintain a small amount of urine in the bladder
Volkmann’s contracture
Ischemic contracture occurs when there is a lack of blood flow to the forearm
- could be caused by increased pressure due to swelling or compartment syndrome
- leads to contracture deformities of the fingers, hand and wrist
How often should an asthma athlete follow up with a physician?
6-12 months
RR > ____breaths/min should be transferred to ER
25 breaths/min
EIA can be triggered by:
What will you see a dec in?
cooler & dryer air drawn into the lungs
Dec in FEV1
4 signs of DVT
- localized tenderness along distribution of deep venous system
- collateral superficial veins
- major surgery w/in last week
- unilateral pitting edema
How long do face laceration have until the wound needs to be closed to prevent infection?
8 hours
After a liver laceration - when can a player return to sport?
normalization of liver enzymes
What are symptoms of severe hypoglycemia?
Mental status changes
Autonomic Changes
Collapse
Treat w/ glucagon
- 1 mg subcutaneous
- Intramuscular injection
Major Risk Factors for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
Prior cardiac arrest*
Family Hx of SCD
Unexplained syncope
Left ventricular wall thickness > 30 mm
Abnormal blood pressure response to exercise
Nonsustained spontaneous ventricular tachycardia
What age is the best age to screen for scoliosis?
11-14
@ peak of incidence
What blood pressure should be referred to physician?
Systolic > 160 mmHg or Diastolic >100 mmHg
Type I DM: When should CHO be consumed?
Less than 100 mg/dL
What if Type I DM is less than 100 mg/dL?
Specifically NATA recommends; Administer 10 g to 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate: eg, 4 to 8 glucose tablets, 2 T honey. Measure blood glucose level. Wait approximately 15 min and remeasure blood glucose.
If blood glucose level remains low, administer another 10 g to 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate. Recheck blood glucose level in approximately 15 min.
If blood glucose level does not return to the normal range after second dosage of carbohydrate, activate emergency medical system. Once blood glucose level is in the normal range, athlete may wish to consume a snack (eg, sandwich, bagel)
What test is recommended to confirm the diagnosis of EIA?
exercise challenge test
Classification of Asthma:
Step 1: mild
Step 4: severe
Mild = FEV in 1 sec or PEF (peak expiratory flow) > 80%
Severe = FEV or PEF < 60%
What asthma medication should be used to prevent EIA?
Short acting, B2-agonist
- inhaled 10 to 15 minutes before exercise
- 4 to 6 hours
ie Albuterol
What asthma medication is used for asthma prophylaxis?
Controller medications used daily, long term interventions
- 12 hours
Long acting B2-agonist
- ex Cromolyn
If PEF is < 80% of best or predicited what is the initial treatment?
- Inhale a rapid-acting B2 agonist
- up to 3 treatments in 1 hour
2 requirements to diagnosis EIA?
- Symptoms
- Obstructed Airways
- dec by 10-15 % in FEV
Both with exercise
Rescue inhaler medication
rapid acting inhaled B2-agonists
short acting theophylline
- controversial
Within how many minutes should an avulsed tooth be reimplanted? Treatment?
5-10 mins
Rinse with water
Reimplant
If unwilling/unable place tooth in liquid such as milk or other storage medium
Transport immediately to DENTIST
What to do with a luxated tooth? Still in socket, but wrong position.
Reimplant
Transport Immediately to dentist
What do you do with a fractured tooth?
Patient may complete the game, but will require dental treatment within 24 hours to save or treat the dental pulp
