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Special Clientele > Prosthetics > Flashcards

Prosthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Major causes for prosthesis

A
  • Amputation
  • PVD
  • Trauma
  • Malignancy & congenital deficiency (Dwarfism)
  • High population of diabetes (over the age of 60)
  • Trauma for young adults/adolescents
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2
Q

Partial foot and Syme’s prosthesis purpose

A
  • Restore function of gait

- Simulate missing foot

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3
Q

Transtibial Prosthesis

A
  • Below Knee
  • Tibia and fibula are cut through
  • Common site for amputations
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4
Q

Foot Ankle assemblies for transtibial prosthesis (Prosthetic Feet)

A
  • General outline of patient’s feet
  • Heel contact (absorbs shock)
  • Plantar Flexes (early stance)
  • Simulates MTP hyperextension (late Stance)
  • Neutral (During swing)
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5
Q

Foot Ankle assemblies for transtibial prosthesis

Nonarticulated feet

A
  • No space between foot and shank
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6
Q

SACH Foot

A
  • Nonarticulated
  • Solid Ankle cushion
  • Very common
  • Least Expensive
  • No energy storage
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7
Q

Safe Foot

A
  • Nonarticulated
  • Stationary attachment flexible endoskeleton, more comparable to subtalor joint
  • Energy storing/releasing/or dynamic feet
  • recoils late stance and returns energy
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8
Q

Articulated Feet

A
  • joined by metal bolt, or cable can loosen over time and cause noise
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9
Q

Single Axis

A
  • Articulated
  • most common
  • shock absorbed at rear in front
  • Reduces plantar flexion force
  • Controls dorsiflexion
  • No medial/lateral/ or tansversal motion
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10
Q

Multiple Axis

A
  • Articulated
  • moves in all planes
  • Can reduce pressure of limb
  • Less durable over time
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11
Q

Rotator and Shock Absorber

A
  • Absorber
  • Shear stress reduced by rotator
    a. Placed above prosthetic
    b. Works in transverse plane
  • Vertical impact reduced by shock absorber
    a. Decrease slide, reducing chaffing
  • For active patients
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12
Q

Shank

A
  • The central core of the prosthesis to which the socket, joints and foot are attached
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13
Q

Endoskeletal

A
  • Modular Shank
  • Strength/Support is provided by pylon tubes
  • Light weight
  • Provides good alignment capabilities
  • Components can be changed easily
  • Requires a soft cover for cosmesis (not durable)
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14
Q

Exoskeletal

A
  • Shank
  • Strength is provided by the outer cosmetic shell of the prosthesis
  • Very durable
  • Heavier then endodkeletal
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15
Q

Transtibial Socket

A
  • The custom shaped receptacle at the proximal end of a prosthesis which holds the residual limb
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16
Q

Patellar Tendon Bearing Socket

A
  • PTB

- Total contact with the anterior identation to increase weight bearing on the patellar tendon

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17
Q

Computer aided design

A
  • Computer manufactured
  • Transtibial Socket
  • Molded by electric carver
18
Q

Lined Socket

A
  • Ply of material designed to insulated the exterior of the prosthesis while preserving the interior contours
  • Reduces chaffing
  • May increase skin temp
  • At 15 ply prosthesist alters or replaces socket
19
Q

Unlined Socket

A
  • Hand Socket
  • Usually for a patient whose limb has stabilized
  • Easier to clean
  • Can be more difficult to alter
20
Q

Suspension for Transtibial Prosthesis

A
  • Needed to hold prosthesis during non-impact movement
  • Cuff Varients
  • Brim Variants
  • Distal Attachment
  • Thigh Corset
21
Q

Cuff Variants

A
  • Sypracondylar Cuff most common
  • Wraps thigh above condyles with straps
  • Waist belt and fort strap may be used in addition (Intended for pt’s that engage in activites that increase the time the prosthesis does not hit the ground ie: jumping / ladder climbing)
22
Q

Brim Variants

A
  • No straps are used
  • Medial and lateral hulls of the socket extend above the femoral condyles
  • A medial wedge is incorporated in the liner or inserted after donning
  • Good for LESS ACTIVE pt’s
  • Difficult to fabricate / not easily adjustable
23
Q

Distal Attacment

A
  • Transtibial Distal Pin Attachment
  • Use of distal metal pin with silicon sheath
  • Pin holds prosthesis during swing
  • Other types include Vacuum-assisted and osseointegration with pin implantation into distal bone
24
Q

Thigh Corset

A
  • Metal Hinges attach to prosthesis
  • Plastic corset hugs the thigh
  • Good for pt’s with sensitive skin
25
Q

Transferoral Prosthesis

A
  • Between femoral condyles and greater trochanter
  • Above Knee
  • Contains foot-ankle assembly, shank, knee unit, socket, and suspension device
26
Q

Foot-Ankle and Shanks

A
  • Single axis foot more frequently used
  • Can fit any foot, depends on pt
  • Usually less energy produced during toe-off
  • Endoskeletal shank more common (improved appearance)
27
Q

Knee Units

A
  • Axis system
  • Single axis hinge
  • Polycentric linkage
  • Friction Mechanisms
  • Manual Lock
  • Friction Brake
  • Hydraulic or Pneumatic
  • Microprocessor Controlled
  • Extension Aid
28
Q

Polycentric Linkage

A
  • Provides improved control during swing and through pivoting bars that increased stability during stance
  • Creates an extension movement during stance to lock the knee in extension
29
Q

Friction Mechanisms

A
  • Constant Friction: clamps hold bolt around knee

- Variable Friction: High friction at swing, reduced at midswing, and increased again at late swing

30
Q

Manual Lock

A
  • Rod slides into receptacle
  • Patient releases with an unlocking lever
  • Will not flex when locked
  • Good for patients with decreased balance
31
Q

Friction Brake

A
  • Weight bearing lock

- Locks the knee in any position during weight bearing

32
Q

Hydraulic or Pneumatic

A
  • Friction to control swing adjusts with speed of movement

- May include stumble recovery, rapid flexion, causes knee to lock

33
Q

Microprocessor Controlled

A
  • Sensors provide dynamic control of knee friction and locking
34
Q

Extension aid

A
  • Assists knee swing-though
35
Q

Socket for Transfemoral Prosthesis

A
  • Quadrilateral Socket

- Cat-Cam Socket

36
Q

Quadilateral Socket

A
  • older design

- Weight bearing on ischial tuberosity (pt sits on ischial shelf)

37
Q

Cat-Cam Socket

A
  • Contoured Adducted Trochanteric-Controlled Alignment Method
  • Also called Ishial Containment Socket
  • Narrow medial-lateral dimension
  • Stability is provided by bony lock on ischium
  • More comfortable
38
Q

Transfemoral Suspensions

A
  • Suction
  • Waist belt, pelvic band and hip joint
  • Silesian belt
  • Osseous Integration
39
Q

Suction

A
  • Most common
  • Donned with a pull sock though vavle hole
  • Cant use socks to adjust for size changes in residual limb
40
Q

Waist belt, pelvic band and hip joint

A
  • Cumbersome - uncommon
41
Q

Silesian Belt

A
  • Belt around opposite pelvis

- Usually used as auxiliary suspension

42
Q

Osseous Integratoin

A
  • Metal post in femur

- Less Common

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