Prosthetics Flashcards
1
Q
Major causes for prosthesis
A
- Amputation
- PVD
- Trauma
- Malignancy & congenital deficiency (Dwarfism)
- High population of diabetes (over the age of 60)
- Trauma for young adults/adolescents
2
Q
Partial foot and Syme’s prosthesis purpose
A
- Restore function of gait
- Simulate missing foot
3
Q
Transtibial Prosthesis
A
- Below Knee
- Tibia and fibula are cut through
- Common site for amputations
4
Q
Foot Ankle assemblies for transtibial prosthesis (Prosthetic Feet)
A
- General outline of patient’s feet
- Heel contact (absorbs shock)
- Plantar Flexes (early stance)
- Simulates MTP hyperextension (late Stance)
- Neutral (During swing)
5
Q
Foot Ankle assemblies for transtibial prosthesis
Nonarticulated feet
A
- No space between foot and shank
6
Q
SACH Foot
A
- Nonarticulated
- Solid Ankle cushion
- Very common
- Least Expensive
- No energy storage
7
Q
Safe Foot
A
- Nonarticulated
- Stationary attachment flexible endoskeleton, more comparable to subtalor joint
- Energy storing/releasing/or dynamic feet
- recoils late stance and returns energy
8
Q
Articulated Feet
A
- joined by metal bolt, or cable can loosen over time and cause noise
9
Q
Single Axis
A
- Articulated
- most common
- shock absorbed at rear in front
- Reduces plantar flexion force
- Controls dorsiflexion
- No medial/lateral/ or tansversal motion
10
Q
Multiple Axis
A
- Articulated
- moves in all planes
- Can reduce pressure of limb
- Less durable over time
11
Q
Rotator and Shock Absorber
A
- Absorber
- Shear stress reduced by rotator
a. Placed above prosthetic
b. Works in transverse plane - Vertical impact reduced by shock absorber
a. Decrease slide, reducing chaffing - For active patients
12
Q
Shank
A
- The central core of the prosthesis to which the socket, joints and foot are attached
13
Q
Endoskeletal
A
- Modular Shank
- Strength/Support is provided by pylon tubes
- Light weight
- Provides good alignment capabilities
- Components can be changed easily
- Requires a soft cover for cosmesis (not durable)
14
Q
Exoskeletal
A
- Shank
- Strength is provided by the outer cosmetic shell of the prosthesis
- Very durable
- Heavier then endodkeletal
15
Q
Transtibial Socket
A
- The custom shaped receptacle at the proximal end of a prosthesis which holds the residual limb
16
Q
Patellar Tendon Bearing Socket
A
- PTB
- Total contact with the anterior identation to increase weight bearing on the patellar tendon
17
Q
Computer aided design
A
- Computer manufactured
- Transtibial Socket
- Molded by electric carver
18
Q
Lined Socket
A
- Ply of material designed to insulated the exterior of the prosthesis while preserving the interior contours
- Reduces chaffing
- May increase skin temp
- At 15 ply prosthesist alters or replaces socket
19
Q
Unlined Socket
A
- Hand Socket
- Usually for a patient whose limb has stabilized
- Easier to clean
- Can be more difficult to alter
20
Q
Suspension for Transtibial Prosthesis
A
- Needed to hold prosthesis during non-impact movement
- Cuff Varients
- Brim Variants
- Distal Attachment
- Thigh Corset
21
Q
Cuff Variants
A
- Sypracondylar Cuff most common
- Wraps thigh above condyles with straps
- Waist belt and fort strap may be used in addition (Intended for pt’s that engage in activites that increase the time the prosthesis does not hit the ground ie: jumping / ladder climbing)
22
Q
Brim Variants
A
- No straps are used
- Medial and lateral hulls of the socket extend above the femoral condyles
- A medial wedge is incorporated in the liner or inserted after donning
- Good for LESS ACTIVE pt’s
- Difficult to fabricate / not easily adjustable
23
Q
Distal Attacment
A
- Transtibial Distal Pin Attachment
- Use of distal metal pin with silicon sheath
- Pin holds prosthesis during swing
- Other types include Vacuum-assisted and osseointegration with pin implantation into distal bone
24
Q
Thigh Corset
A
- Metal Hinges attach to prosthesis
- Plastic corset hugs the thigh
- Good for pt’s with sensitive skin
25
Transferoral Prosthesis
- Between femoral condyles and greater trochanter
- Above Knee
- Contains foot-ankle assembly, shank, knee unit, socket, and suspension device
26
Foot-Ankle and Shanks
- Single axis foot more frequently used
- Can fit any foot, depends on pt
- Usually less energy produced during toe-off
- Endoskeletal shank more common (improved appearance)
27
Knee Units
- Axis system
- Single axis hinge
- Polycentric linkage
- Friction Mechanisms
- Manual Lock
- Friction Brake
- Hydraulic or Pneumatic
- Microprocessor Controlled
- Extension Aid
28
Polycentric Linkage
- Provides improved control during swing and through pivoting bars that increased stability during stance
- Creates an extension movement during stance to lock the knee in extension
29
Friction Mechanisms
- Constant Friction: clamps hold bolt around knee
| - Variable Friction: High friction at swing, reduced at midswing, and increased again at late swing
30
Manual Lock
- Rod slides into receptacle
- Patient releases with an unlocking lever
- Will not flex when locked
- Good for patients with decreased balance
31
Friction Brake
- Weight bearing lock
| - Locks the knee in any position during weight bearing
32
Hydraulic or Pneumatic
- Friction to control swing adjusts with speed of movement
| - May include stumble recovery, rapid flexion, causes knee to lock
33
Microprocessor Controlled
- Sensors provide dynamic control of knee friction and locking
34
Extension aid
- Assists knee swing-though
35
Socket for Transfemoral Prosthesis
- Quadrilateral Socket
| - Cat-Cam Socket
36
Quadilateral Socket
- older design
| - Weight bearing on ischial tuberosity (pt sits on ischial shelf)
37
Cat-Cam Socket
- Contoured Adducted Trochanteric-Controlled Alignment Method
- Also called Ishial Containment Socket
- Narrow medial-lateral dimension
- Stability is provided by bony lock on ischium
- More comfortable
38
Transfemoral Suspensions
- Suction
- Waist belt, pelvic band and hip joint
- Silesian belt
- Osseous Integration
39
Suction
- Most common
- Donned with a pull sock though vavle hole
- Cant use socks to adjust for size changes in residual limb
40
Waist belt, pelvic band and hip joint
- Cumbersome - uncommon
41
Silesian Belt
- Belt around opposite pelvis
| - Usually used as auxiliary suspension
42
Osseous Integratoin
- Metal post in femur
| - Less Common
