Anatomic and Physiologic Changes of Pregnancy Flashcards
Reproduction System
- Uterus increases dramatically in size and expands upward and leaves the pelvis, becoming an abdominal organ
Urinary System
- Ureters enter the bladder at a perpendicular angle due to uterine enlargement
Ureters enter the bladder at a perpendicular angle due to uterine enlargement may result in?
- Reflux of urine from bladder back into ureter
- Increase chance of urinary infections due to urinary stasis
Pulmonary System
- 15-20% increase in O2 consumption so a natural state of hyperventilation throughout pregnancy
- Dyspena present with mild exercise as early as 20 weeks into pregnancy
Blood volume progressively _____ 35% to 50% throughout ______.
- Increases
- Pregnancy
Plasma increase is ______ then RBC’s increase, therefore ______ _______.
- Greater
- Physiologic Anemia
______ pressure increases in __’s when standing
- Venous
- LE
Pressure in inferior vena cava ____ in late pregnancy due to _______ by the ______.
- Rises
- Compression
- Uterus
- Carries de-oxygenated blood to the uterus
Especially in ____ position, so ____ supine positioning > __ minutes after the 4th month.
- Supine
- Avoid
- 5
Aorta also partially _____ in _____.
- Occluded
- Supine
Heart rhythm _____ are more common
- Disturbances
HR _____ 10-20 bpm by ___ turm
- Increases
- Full
Cardiac Output ______ 30%-50%
- Increases
When is cardiac output most significantly increased?
- Side-lying on L side
- Less pressure on the aorta and vena cava
- best position for exercise if possible
- If supine, put folded towel under R side
Blood pressure ______ early in the __ trimester
- Decreases
- 1st
Greatest effect on _____ pressure
- Diastolic
- Lowest level at mid pregnancy
Decreased due to _____ distensibility
- Venous
- Ability to become stretched, dilated, or enlarged
Watch for _________
- Hypotension
Thermoregulatory System
- Basal metabolic rate (amount of energy expended daily at rest) increases
- Requires increase in caloric intake
_______ mm’s are ______ to their elastic limit by end of ______.
- Abnormal
- Stretched
- Pregnancy
Hormonal Influence
- Systemic decreases in ligamentous tensile strength (Hormone Relaxin)
- Increase in mobility of structures supported by ligaments (joint hypermobility)
ie: Pt predisposed to joint injury especially in wt bearing joints
_____ floor mm’s may be _____ and/or incised during the ____ process
- Pelvic
- Stretched
- Birth
COG shifts _____ and _____
- Upward
- Forward
Rounded shoulders with scapular protraction and shoulder internal rotation due to?
- Breast enlargment
- Post-partum positioning for holding the infant
- Increase in cervical and lumbar lordosis and knees may hyperextend to adjust to COG
- Weight shifts to the heels
- Gait usually increases BOS to help with balance
